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Lot Essay
An extremely valuable insight into the House of Fabergé including the tradition of the presentation of Imperial Fabergé Easter Eggs, instituted by Alexander III in 1885, has come to light with the publication of the Memoirs of Francois (Franz) Birbaum, one of Carl Fabergé's most important employee and chief workmaster of the firm. These memoirs, written in 1919, were discovered by Valentin Skurlov and were first published in the catalogue of the exhibition: Fabergé Imperial Jeweller which took place in St. Petersburg (1993), Paris (1993) and London (1994). "It was Alexander III who started this tradition, and it was continued by Nicholas II, who presented them both to Empresses (i.e. his wife and his mother, Maria Feodorovna, Alexander III's widow). The designs for these eggs did not have to be approved. Fabergé was given a completly free hand in the choice of theme and in the execution itself. About fifty or sixty of these eggs were made, and I composed more than half of them myself. It was not easy to work as there could be no repetition of theme and the ovoid shape was compulsory. We tried to make use of family and other events in the Imperial household to give some meaning to the gift, but political events were, of course, avoided. The eggs could almost always be opened and there would be a surprise inside. For the most part, work on these eggs were very complicated. To avoid repetion we had to vary the materials, the exterior, and the content of the egg... The process of making these eggs usually took about one year. Work started soon after Easter, and they were only just ready for Holy Week of the following year. They were usually presented to the Emperor himself by the head of the firm on Good Friday. The last days were anxious for everyone: nothing could be allowed to happen to these fragile works of art. In case anything unexpected happened, the craftsmen remained at their places of work until Fabergé returned from Tsarskoe Selo." pp. 452-453
The Tercentenary of the Romanov Dynasty was celebrated in 1913. The anniversary was marked by events throughout Russia, especially in St. Petersburg. Fabergé rose to the occasion and produced two eggs of arguably unsurpassed excellence. The Romanov Tercentenary Egg, presented to the Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna (now in the State Museums of the Moscow Kremlin) and The Winter Egg presented to the Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna.
The Winter Egg is without doubt one of the most creative and original of the Easter eggs Fabergé made for the Tsar. It symbolizes the transition from Winter to Spring, the seed emerging into new life, the Resurrection. The Spring flowers appear as if through a frosty mist inside the Winter ice of the egg, before the egg is opened to fully reveal the surprise. Only in the first Imperial Egg, the Hen Egg of 1885 (now in the Forbes Magazine Collection), has the Easter message so clearly illustrated, but does not have the degree of realism and delicacy achieved in the Winter Egg. Many of Fabergé's Imperial eggs rely on standard rococo and neo-classical motifs, albeit superbly executed in gold and enamel, for their effect, but Alma Theresia Pihl, the designer of the Winter Egg, broke away from these conventional elements to produce a magical work of original creative genius.
The Winter Egg was made in the workshop of Albert Holmström, which mainly specialized in jewelry. His father, August Holmström, had been appointed principal jeweler to the firm of Fabergé in 1857 and on his death in 1903, he was succeeded by his son. With the inspiration of the highly talented designer, Alma Theresia Pihl, whose two pièces de résistance were the Mosaic Egg, presented in 1914 (now in The Collection of Her Majesty The Queen of England) and The Winter Egg presented in 1913 and under the direction of Albert Holmström, some of Fabergé's most outstanding works were created.
According to the original Fabergé invoice, dated 13 April 1913, which is now in the Russian State Archives, the price of the Winter Egg was 24,600 roubles, the highest figure for an Imperial Egg, produced by Fabergé, before the Revolution. The Winter Egg is described on the invoice as follows:
BILL TO HIS IMPERIAL HIGHNESS THE EMPEROR
1913
April 13 Large Egg made of white topaz [Russian term for high quality rock-crystal] decorated with frost motifs set with 1,308 rose-diamonds and incrusted in the topaz, with borders set with 360 brilliants, on a topaz base shaped as a rock of ice with icicles set with rose-diamonds. Inside the egg is a small platinum basket decorated with 1,378 rose-diamonds, in it anemones of white quartz with nephrite leaves.
rub. 24600
Both the discovery of the stock books, with drawings illustrating the items produced in the workshop of Albert Holmström between 1909 and 1915, and the sale of the Nobel Ice Egg (Christie's Geneva, 17 May 1994, lot 294), unseen since 1939, have provided further insight into the inspiration and realization of The Winter Egg. In his article, "Two Books of Revelations" Apollo (September 1987) p. 155, A. Kenneth Snowman quotes from a letter of 30 December 1986 from Mrs. Ulla Tillander-Godenhielm in Helsinki: "The text of the sketch books seems to be in Alma's handwriting. ...In 1911 she got a chance to do designs of her own. Alma remembered very vividly the day there was an order from the Nobel Office, very urgently to make up forty small pieces, in a new design.
...As ice crystals were very frequent on the draughty window glasses in those days, she suddenly got her inspiration from those. This is how the Nobel snowflakes came about. The year was 1911 or 1912." See also: U. Tillander-Godenhielm. "The Winter Egg" Christie's International Magazine, (March-April 2002) p. 101
In A. K. Snowman, Fabergé Lost and Found, (London, 1993), the first drawings on the snowflake or "Winter" theme, dated 3 December 1912, which were eventually executed in rose-diamond set platinum and rock-crystal, appear for a bracelet of the finished article (now in the Forbes Magazine Collection).
Drawings of miniature eggs of similar design also appear, dated 10 April 1913 resembling, in smaller and less elaborate form, The Winter Egg.
The design for the base of the Egg, conceived as melting ice with platinum mounted rose-diamond rivulets, is also echoed in the entry for a pendant, dated 2 May 1913.
Dr. Emmanuel Nobel, one of the leading figures of the oil industry at this time, was amongst Fabergé's most important clients. The Nobel Ice Egg commissioned by him was created in platinum, silver and seed-pearls. It not only stems from the same inspiration as The Winter Egg, but also shares the same technique in the execution of the hinges within graduated borders. However, the Nobel Ice Egg without a stand and lying on its side, was made of translucent white enamel over engraved frost crystals and lacks some of the charm and realism of the Winter Egg.
The skill of the Holmström workshop in mounting the rock-crystal is highlited by Birbaum in his Memoirs, which include a detailed section on the different stones uses in the Fabergé workshops, as well as a general reference to the quality of the work: " Its friability demanded of the craftsmen a particular skill, and its setting was entrusted only to the most experienced workmaster. It could not tolerate the slightest heat and the settings were never soldered, even with thin tin, but were assembled with clips and in other ways", "Birbaum Memoirs", Fabergé: Imperial Jeweller, (St. Petersburg, 1993) p. 457. The method by which the rose-diamond set platinum ice crystals are attached to the rock-crystal shell of the Winter Egg is not apparent. They do not appear to be pinned and the only suggestion found is that they were glued into channels carved in the rock-crystal beneath.
According to Bainbridge in his book Peter Carl Fabergé, Goldsmith and Jeweller to the Russian Imperial Court, (London, 1949) p. 75. "In the case of the rock-crystal egg, the only work for which the Holmströms were not responsible was that of the lapidaries on the egg, pedestal and cachalong flowers, and the engraving of the internal frost-flowers." Based on Birbaum's Memoirs, it seems highly likely that all the lapidary work for the Winter Egg was executed in the Fabergé workshop of Petr Kremlev and probably by Kremlev himself. The basket itself is engraved on the base in Roman characters FABERGÉ 1913. The surprise of the Mosaic Egg, also designed by Alma Theresia Pihl and produced in the same workshop, is inscribed in Roman letters.
The flower compositions created by Fabergé stand out amongst some of the most technically demanding works produced by the firm, and yet perhaps the most exquisite, as so eloquently described by A. Kenneth Snowman, The Art of Carl Fabergé, (London, 1974) p. 72: "In Russia, where the winters are long and pitiless, the first signs of spring take on a special significance, and the flower becomes a symbol of happiness and renewed hope. Special trains used to bring spring flowers from the South of France on blocks of ice to brighten the Court Balls. In recognizing this special significance, Fabergé created some of his most lovely compositions. These pots of flowers are the ultimate refinement of his art-in them he has shed all unnecessary and disturbing elements, and, naturalistic to an astonishing degree, they yet may be justifiably be regarded as the most typically "Fabergé" of all his pieces.
The basket of anemones inside the Winter Egg, is also very reminiscent of the Imperial Basket of Lilies of the Valley created by August Holmström and presented to the Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna in 1896 (now in the Matilda Geddings Gray Foundation Collection), each depicting spring flowers emanating from a bed of gold moss in a basket.
The history of the Winter Egg, after the Russian Revolution is one of the best documented of all Imperial Easter Eggs. It appears first in the manager of Fabergé's London branch, Henry Charles Bainbrige's largely autobiographical book, Twice Seven (London, 1933) pl. VI facing p. 176, after having been acquired by Wartski's in the late 1920's from the Soviet Union. Bainbridge illustrates the Egg with a photograph (pl. VI) stated to be from 'Fabergé's original collection' and discusses the Winter Egg at length in his book, generally considered to be the first monograph on Fabergé, Peter Carl Fabergé, Goldsmith and Jeweller to the Russian Imperial Court (London, 1949) pp. 75-76. From 1949 to 1994, the Winter Egg has not been exhibited and detailed colour photographs of the egg and its surprise have not been published before. It can be considered as one of, if not the, last fully documented eggs to come on the market from a private source, as almost all of the known and documented Imperial Eggs are in museums or well established collections. Further the research accomplished by T. Fabergé, L. Proler and V. Skurlov in their book, The Fabergé Imperial Easter Eggs, (London, 1997), they were able to establish that in 1917, the egg was confiscated by the Kerenskii provisional government, along with other treasures, and taken from the Antchikov Palace to the Moscow Kremlin Armoury.
A total of 50 Imperial Easter Eggs were delivered by Fabergé to the Tsars Alexander III and Nicholas II between the years 1885 and 1916, for presentation to the Empresses Maria Feodorovna and Alexandra Feodorovna. Fourty-four of these are now recorded in various private and institutional collections or by photographs.
We are most grateful to Ulla Tillander-Godenhielm and Valentin Skurlov for their assistance in researching the Winter Egg.
CURRENT LOCATION OF IMPERIAL EASTER EGGS
KREMLIN ARMOURY MUSEUM, MOSCOW Memory of Azov egg (1891)
Bouquet of Lilies Clock egg (1899)
Trans-Siberian Railway egg (1900)
Clover egg (1902)
Moscow Kremlin egg (1906)
Alexander Palace egg (1908)
Standard egg (1909)
Alexander III Equestrian egg (1910)
Romanov Tercentenary egg (1913)
Steel Military egg (1916)
FORBES MAGAZINE COLLECTION, NEW YORK
Hen egg (1885)
Renaissance egg (1894)
Rosebud egg (1895)
Coronation egg (1897)
Lilies of the Valley egg (1898)
Cockerel egg (1900)
Bay Tree egg (1911)
Fifteenth Anniversary egg (1911)
Order of St. George egg (1916)
VIRGINIA MUSEUM OF ARTS, RICHMOND
(BEQUEST OF LILLIAN THOMAS PRATT)
Revolving Miniatures egg (1896)
Pelican egg (1898)
Peter the Great egg (1903)
Tsarevich egg (1912)
Red Cross egg with Imperial Portraits (1915)
THE MATILDA GEDDINGS GRAY FOUNDATION, NEW ORLEANS MUSEUM OF ART
Danish Palaces egg (1890)
Caucasus egg (1893)
Napoleonic egg (1912)
THE ROYAL COLLECTION, HER MAJESTY QUEEN ELIZABETH II
Basket of Wild Flowers egg (1901)
Colonnade egg (1910)
Mosaic egg (1914)
THE EDOUARD AND MAURICE SANDOZ FOUNDATION, SWITZERLAND
Swan egg (1906)
Peacock egg (1908)
THE MARJORIE MERRIWEATHER POST COLLECTION AT THE HILLWOOD MUSEUM, WASHINGTON, D.C.
Twelve Monogram egg (1895)
Grisaille egg (1914)
THE WALTERS ART GALLERY, BALTIMORE
Gatchina Palace egg (1901)
Rose Trellis egg (1907)
THE INDIA EARLY MINSHALL COLLECTION, CLEVELAND MUSEUM OF ART
Red Cross egg with Triptych (1915)
PRINCE RAINIER III OF MONACO COLLECTION
Blue Serpent Clock egg (1887)
PRIVATE COLLECTIONS (USA)
Diamond Trellis egg (1892)
Pansy egg (1899)
Cradle with Garlands egg (1907)
Winter egg (1913)
MISSING EASTER EGGS
Hen egg with sapphire pendant (1886)
Cherub egg with chariot (1888)
Nécessaire egg (1889)
Alexander III egg (1896)
Mauve enamel egg (1897)
Empire Nephrite egg (1902)
Danish Jubilee egg (1903)
Alexander III Commemorative egg (1909)
Total of 50 Imperial eggs:
8 missing, 42 in museums and private collections
Kremlin Armoury Museum, Moscow 10
FORBES Magazine Collection, New York 9
Pratt Collection, Virginia Museum of Arts 5
Matilda Geddings Gray Foundation, New Orleans 3
Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 3
Edouard and Maurice Sandoz Foundation, Switzerland 2
Marjorie Merriweather Post Collection, Washington 2
Walters Art Gallery, Baltimore 2
India Early Minshall Collection, Cleveland 1
His Serene Highness Prince Rainier III of Monaco 1
Private Collections, USA 4
The Tercentenary of the Romanov Dynasty was celebrated in 1913. The anniversary was marked by events throughout Russia, especially in St. Petersburg. Fabergé rose to the occasion and produced two eggs of arguably unsurpassed excellence. The Romanov Tercentenary Egg, presented to the Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna (now in the State Museums of the Moscow Kremlin) and The Winter Egg presented to the Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna.
The Winter Egg is without doubt one of the most creative and original of the Easter eggs Fabergé made for the Tsar. It symbolizes the transition from Winter to Spring, the seed emerging into new life, the Resurrection. The Spring flowers appear as if through a frosty mist inside the Winter ice of the egg, before the egg is opened to fully reveal the surprise. Only in the first Imperial Egg, the Hen Egg of 1885 (now in the Forbes Magazine Collection), has the Easter message so clearly illustrated, but does not have the degree of realism and delicacy achieved in the Winter Egg. Many of Fabergé's Imperial eggs rely on standard rococo and neo-classical motifs, albeit superbly executed in gold and enamel, for their effect, but Alma Theresia Pihl, the designer of the Winter Egg, broke away from these conventional elements to produce a magical work of original creative genius.
The Winter Egg was made in the workshop of Albert Holmström, which mainly specialized in jewelry. His father, August Holmström, had been appointed principal jeweler to the firm of Fabergé in 1857 and on his death in 1903, he was succeeded by his son. With the inspiration of the highly talented designer, Alma Theresia Pihl, whose two pièces de résistance were the Mosaic Egg, presented in 1914 (now in The Collection of Her Majesty The Queen of England) and The Winter Egg presented in 1913 and under the direction of Albert Holmström, some of Fabergé's most outstanding works were created.
According to the original Fabergé invoice, dated 13 April 1913, which is now in the Russian State Archives, the price of the Winter Egg was 24,600 roubles, the highest figure for an Imperial Egg, produced by Fabergé, before the Revolution. The Winter Egg is described on the invoice as follows:
BILL TO HIS IMPERIAL HIGHNESS THE EMPEROR
1913
April 13 Large Egg made of white topaz [Russian term for high quality rock-crystal] decorated with frost motifs set with 1,308 rose-diamonds and incrusted in the topaz, with borders set with 360 brilliants, on a topaz base shaped as a rock of ice with icicles set with rose-diamonds. Inside the egg is a small platinum basket decorated with 1,378 rose-diamonds, in it anemones of white quartz with nephrite leaves.
rub. 24600
Both the discovery of the stock books, with drawings illustrating the items produced in the workshop of Albert Holmström between 1909 and 1915, and the sale of the Nobel Ice Egg (Christie's Geneva, 17 May 1994, lot 294), unseen since 1939, have provided further insight into the inspiration and realization of The Winter Egg. In his article, "Two Books of Revelations" Apollo (September 1987) p. 155, A. Kenneth Snowman quotes from a letter of 30 December 1986 from Mrs. Ulla Tillander-Godenhielm in Helsinki: "The text of the sketch books seems to be in Alma's handwriting. ...In 1911 she got a chance to do designs of her own. Alma remembered very vividly the day there was an order from the Nobel Office, very urgently to make up forty small pieces, in a new design.
...As ice crystals were very frequent on the draughty window glasses in those days, she suddenly got her inspiration from those. This is how the Nobel snowflakes came about. The year was 1911 or 1912." See also: U. Tillander-Godenhielm. "The Winter Egg" Christie's International Magazine, (March-April 2002) p. 101
In A. K. Snowman, Fabergé Lost and Found, (London, 1993), the first drawings on the snowflake or "Winter" theme, dated 3 December 1912, which were eventually executed in rose-diamond set platinum and rock-crystal, appear for a bracelet of the finished article (now in the Forbes Magazine Collection).
Drawings of miniature eggs of similar design also appear, dated 10 April 1913 resembling, in smaller and less elaborate form, The Winter Egg.
The design for the base of the Egg, conceived as melting ice with platinum mounted rose-diamond rivulets, is also echoed in the entry for a pendant, dated 2 May 1913.
Dr. Emmanuel Nobel, one of the leading figures of the oil industry at this time, was amongst Fabergé's most important clients. The Nobel Ice Egg commissioned by him was created in platinum, silver and seed-pearls. It not only stems from the same inspiration as The Winter Egg, but also shares the same technique in the execution of the hinges within graduated borders. However, the Nobel Ice Egg without a stand and lying on its side, was made of translucent white enamel over engraved frost crystals and lacks some of the charm and realism of the Winter Egg.
The skill of the Holmström workshop in mounting the rock-crystal is highlited by Birbaum in his Memoirs, which include a detailed section on the different stones uses in the Fabergé workshops, as well as a general reference to the quality of the work: " Its friability demanded of the craftsmen a particular skill, and its setting was entrusted only to the most experienced workmaster. It could not tolerate the slightest heat and the settings were never soldered, even with thin tin, but were assembled with clips and in other ways", "Birbaum Memoirs", Fabergé: Imperial Jeweller, (St. Petersburg, 1993) p. 457. The method by which the rose-diamond set platinum ice crystals are attached to the rock-crystal shell of the Winter Egg is not apparent. They do not appear to be pinned and the only suggestion found is that they were glued into channels carved in the rock-crystal beneath.
According to Bainbridge in his book Peter Carl Fabergé, Goldsmith and Jeweller to the Russian Imperial Court, (London, 1949) p. 75. "In the case of the rock-crystal egg, the only work for which the Holmströms were not responsible was that of the lapidaries on the egg, pedestal and cachalong flowers, and the engraving of the internal frost-flowers." Based on Birbaum's Memoirs, it seems highly likely that all the lapidary work for the Winter Egg was executed in the Fabergé workshop of Petr Kremlev and probably by Kremlev himself. The basket itself is engraved on the base in Roman characters FABERGÉ 1913. The surprise of the Mosaic Egg, also designed by Alma Theresia Pihl and produced in the same workshop, is inscribed in Roman letters.
The flower compositions created by Fabergé stand out amongst some of the most technically demanding works produced by the firm, and yet perhaps the most exquisite, as so eloquently described by A. Kenneth Snowman, The Art of Carl Fabergé, (London, 1974) p. 72: "In Russia, where the winters are long and pitiless, the first signs of spring take on a special significance, and the flower becomes a symbol of happiness and renewed hope. Special trains used to bring spring flowers from the South of France on blocks of ice to brighten the Court Balls. In recognizing this special significance, Fabergé created some of his most lovely compositions. These pots of flowers are the ultimate refinement of his art-in them he has shed all unnecessary and disturbing elements, and, naturalistic to an astonishing degree, they yet may be justifiably be regarded as the most typically "Fabergé" of all his pieces.
The basket of anemones inside the Winter Egg, is also very reminiscent of the Imperial Basket of Lilies of the Valley created by August Holmström and presented to the Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna in 1896 (now in the Matilda Geddings Gray Foundation Collection), each depicting spring flowers emanating from a bed of gold moss in a basket.
The history of the Winter Egg, after the Russian Revolution is one of the best documented of all Imperial Easter Eggs. It appears first in the manager of Fabergé's London branch, Henry Charles Bainbrige's largely autobiographical book, Twice Seven (London, 1933) pl. VI facing p. 176, after having been acquired by Wartski's in the late 1920's from the Soviet Union. Bainbridge illustrates the Egg with a photograph (pl. VI) stated to be from 'Fabergé's original collection' and discusses the Winter Egg at length in his book, generally considered to be the first monograph on Fabergé, Peter Carl Fabergé, Goldsmith and Jeweller to the Russian Imperial Court (London, 1949) pp. 75-76. From 1949 to 1994, the Winter Egg has not been exhibited and detailed colour photographs of the egg and its surprise have not been published before. It can be considered as one of, if not the, last fully documented eggs to come on the market from a private source, as almost all of the known and documented Imperial Eggs are in museums or well established collections. Further the research accomplished by T. Fabergé, L. Proler and V. Skurlov in their book, The Fabergé Imperial Easter Eggs, (London, 1997), they were able to establish that in 1917, the egg was confiscated by the Kerenskii provisional government, along with other treasures, and taken from the Antchikov Palace to the Moscow Kremlin Armoury.
A total of 50 Imperial Easter Eggs were delivered by Fabergé to the Tsars Alexander III and Nicholas II between the years 1885 and 1916, for presentation to the Empresses Maria Feodorovna and Alexandra Feodorovna. Fourty-four of these are now recorded in various private and institutional collections or by photographs.
We are most grateful to Ulla Tillander-Godenhielm and Valentin Skurlov for their assistance in researching the Winter Egg.
CURRENT LOCATION OF IMPERIAL EASTER EGGS
KREMLIN ARMOURY MUSEUM, MOSCOW Memory of Azov egg (1891)
Bouquet of Lilies Clock egg (1899)
Trans-Siberian Railway egg (1900)
Clover egg (1902)
Moscow Kremlin egg (1906)
Alexander Palace egg (1908)
Standard egg (1909)
Alexander III Equestrian egg (1910)
Romanov Tercentenary egg (1913)
Steel Military egg (1916)
FORBES MAGAZINE COLLECTION, NEW YORK
Hen egg (1885)
Renaissance egg (1894)
Rosebud egg (1895)
Coronation egg (1897)
Lilies of the Valley egg (1898)
Cockerel egg (1900)
Bay Tree egg (1911)
Fifteenth Anniversary egg (1911)
Order of St. George egg (1916)
VIRGINIA MUSEUM OF ARTS, RICHMOND
(BEQUEST OF LILLIAN THOMAS PRATT)
Revolving Miniatures egg (1896)
Pelican egg (1898)
Peter the Great egg (1903)
Tsarevich egg (1912)
Red Cross egg with Imperial Portraits (1915)
THE MATILDA GEDDINGS GRAY FOUNDATION, NEW ORLEANS MUSEUM OF ART
Danish Palaces egg (1890)
Caucasus egg (1893)
Napoleonic egg (1912)
THE ROYAL COLLECTION, HER MAJESTY QUEEN ELIZABETH II
Basket of Wild Flowers egg (1901)
Colonnade egg (1910)
Mosaic egg (1914)
THE EDOUARD AND MAURICE SANDOZ FOUNDATION, SWITZERLAND
Swan egg (1906)
Peacock egg (1908)
THE MARJORIE MERRIWEATHER POST COLLECTION AT THE HILLWOOD MUSEUM, WASHINGTON, D.C.
Twelve Monogram egg (1895)
Grisaille egg (1914)
THE WALTERS ART GALLERY, BALTIMORE
Gatchina Palace egg (1901)
Rose Trellis egg (1907)
THE INDIA EARLY MINSHALL COLLECTION, CLEVELAND MUSEUM OF ART
Red Cross egg with Triptych (1915)
PRINCE RAINIER III OF MONACO COLLECTION
Blue Serpent Clock egg (1887)
PRIVATE COLLECTIONS (USA)
Diamond Trellis egg (1892)
Pansy egg (1899)
Cradle with Garlands egg (1907)
Winter egg (1913)
MISSING EASTER EGGS
Hen egg with sapphire pendant (1886)
Cherub egg with chariot (1888)
Nécessaire egg (1889)
Alexander III egg (1896)
Mauve enamel egg (1897)
Empire Nephrite egg (1902)
Danish Jubilee egg (1903)
Alexander III Commemorative egg (1909)
Total of 50 Imperial eggs:
8 missing, 42 in museums and private collections
Kremlin Armoury Museum, Moscow 10
FORBES Magazine Collection, New York 9
Pratt Collection, Virginia Museum of Arts 5
Matilda Geddings Gray Foundation, New Orleans 3
Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 3
Edouard and Maurice Sandoz Foundation, Switzerland 2
Marjorie Merriweather Post Collection, Washington 2
Walters Art Gallery, Baltimore 2
India Early Minshall Collection, Cleveland 1
His Serene Highness Prince Rainier III of Monaco 1
Private Collections, USA 4