Richard Lindner (1901-1978)
Property from the Collection of Max Palevsky
Richard Lindner (1901-1978)

Boy with Machine

Details
Richard Lindner (1901-1978)
Boy with Machine
signed and dated 'R Linder 1954'(lower right)
oil on canvas
40 x 30 in (127 x 76.4 cm.)
Painted in 1954.
Provenance
Mr. and Mrs. C.L. Harrison, Batavia
Stephen Mazoh & Co., Inc., New York
Dr. P. Peter Rosier, Fort Meyers
Anon. sale; Sotheby's, New York, 19 November 1981, lot 35
Acquired at the above sale by the late owner
Literature
Richard Lindner, exh. cat., Leverkusen, 1968, n.p. (illustrated).
Richard Lindner, exh. cat., Hanover, 1968, p. 122 (illustrated).
D. Ashton, Richard Lindner, New York, 1970, p. 36, pl. 22 (illustrated).
R. Dienst, Lindner. Kunst heute, Stuttgart, 1970, p. 7 (illustrated).
G. Deleuze and F. Guattari, Capitalisme et schizophrénie: L'Anti-Oedipe, Paris, 1972, pp. 7, 13, 55 and 429 (illustrated).
W. Stevenson, "Les secrets de Richard Lindner," XXe Siècle, vol. 35, no. 40, June 1973, p. 146.
J. Martin and M. Tabart, "Informations diverses. Musée National d'Art Moderne: Richard Lindner," La Revue du Louvre et des musées de France, vol. 23, 1973, p. 406.
F. de Gruson, "Richard Lindner: De la contiguité des corps," Clés pour les arts, no. 43, 6-12 June 1974, p. 14 (illustrated).
J. Chalumeau, "L'Agonie de la Philosophie: Revanche de l'image," Opus International, no. 50, May 1974, p. 77 (illustrated).
"Lindner," Bulletin Museum Boymans-van Beuningen Rotterdam, no. 10, April 1974, p. 74 (illustrated).
M. Verdone, "Richard Lindner il marionettista implacabile," Terzocchio, vol. 1, no. 1, January 1975, p. 18 (illustrated).
P. Comte, "Les machines célibataires," Opus International, no. 60, July 1976, p. 36 (illustrated).
W. Spies, Lindner, Paris, 1980, pp. 28-42, p. 6 (illustrated).
W. Spies, "Richard Lindner," XXe Siècle, vol. 41, no. 53, December 1980, p. 54 and 81 (illustrated).
J. Davidson, Homage to Richard Lindner, New York, 1980, p. 81 (illustrated).
P. Gorsen, Sexualásthetik: Grenzformen der Sinnlichkeit im 20.Jahrhundert, Hamburg, 1987, pp. 49, 136, 139 and 275, fig. 42 (illustrated).
C. Loyall, Richard Lindner, ein Emigrant in New York: Zum Selbstverstädnis des Künstlers 1950-1953. Mit einem Anhang unveröffentlichter Korrespondenz an Hermann und Toni Kesten, Frankfurt, 1996, pp. 54 and 177, fig. 38 (illustrated).
J. Russell, "Weird, From Somewhere Beyond Real," New York Times, 17 November 1996, p. 39 (illustrated).
M. Naves, "Richard Lindner: A New Yorker in Washington," New Criterion, vol. 15, no. 5, January 1997, pp. 47-49 (illustrated).
W. Spies, ed., Richard Lindner: Catalogue Raisonné of Paintings, Watercolors, and Drawings, Munich, 1999, pp. 25 and 53, no. 23 (illustrated in color).
A. Weiss, Breathless: Sound Recording, Disembodiment and the Transformation of Lyrical Nostalgia, Middletown, 2002, p. 154.
Exhibited
New York, Betty Parsons Gallery, Richard Lindner: Paintings, February 1956, no. 7.
Lynchburg, Randolph-Macon Women's College, Forty-Seventh Annual Exhibition of American Painting, March 1958.
Berkeley, University of California, University Art Museum and Minneapolis, Walker Art Center, Lindner, June-August 1969, no. 13.
Paris, Musée National d'Art Moderne; Rotterdam, Museum Boymans-van Beuningen; Düsseldorf, Städtische Kunsthalle; Kunsthaus Zurich and Kunsthalle Nüremberg, Richard Lindner, January 1974-February 1975, p. 35, no. 7 (illustrated in color).
Kunsthalle Bern; Biennale di Venezia; Brussels, Société des Beaux-Arts; Düsseldorf, Städtische Kunsthalle; Paris, Union Centrale des Arts Décoratifs; Le Creusot, Musée de l'Homme et de l'Industrie; Malmö Konsthall; Amsterdam, Stedelijk Museum and Vienna, Museum des 20.Jarhunderts, Junggesellenmaschinen/Les Machines Célebataires, July-August 1975, p.141 (illustrated).
Chicago, Museum of Contemporary Art, Richard Lindner: A Retrospective Exhibition, May-July 1977, p. 26.
Saint-Paul de Vence, Fondation Maeght and Liège, Musée Saint-Georges, Richard Lindner, May-October 1979, p. 58, no. 5 (illustrated).
Washington, D.C., Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden and Munich, Haus der Kunst, Richard Lindner: Paintings and Watercolors 1948-1977, October 1996-April 1997, pp. 23 and 57, no. 16 (illustrated in color).
Madrid, Fundación Juan March and Valencia, IVAM Centre Julio González, Richard Lindner, October 1998-March 1999, p. 33, no. 6 (illustrated in color).

Lot Essay

Richard Lindner's Boy with Machine powerfully features a chubby child prodigy, a very important character in Lindner's early repertoire of strange and evocative incarnations. The child is full of his own self-importance, a monster of childhood precocity. The child's smug expression signifies immense self-satisfaction, as he stands in front of a gigantic mechanical creation he operates by pulling on a thin piece of string. Instead of representing childhood hope and innocence, Lindner's children resemble small adults. Dressed in a dark uniform of black shorts and jacket, embellished with gold braid and a high military style collar, the eponymous Boy with Machine also resembles the stark and sinister authority figures - policemen, dictators and mysterious strangers - that inhabit Lindner's universe.

Lindner achieves his canvases' richness through skillful handling of abstract and figurative elements. He hauntingly suggests characters taken from his own childhood. In Boy with Machine, Lindner does not mean to depict a real machine in the mechanical creation behind the boy, only the aura of society's ominous mechanization and the creeping effect that has on humanity. At other times, Lindner builds on the influence of European modernist masters to produce figures with the mass of Leger's legendary statuesque bodies.

Painted in 1954, against the all-encompassing backdrop of the New York School, Lindner completed Boy with Machine only a few years after he decided to give up his commercial illustration work and paint full time. It was also the year of his first solo show in New York at the Betty Parsons Gallery. Lindner's work at this time attracted widespread critical attention, with the painter Robert Indiana describing him as 'a bridge between European Expressionism and the extreme sophistication of the American social milieu" (R. Indiana, quoted in M. Bouisset, 'Biographical Notes on Richard Lindner,' Homage to Richard Lindner, 1980, New York, p.126).

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