Germaine Richier (1904-1959)
Property from the Estate of David Pincus
Germaine Richier (1904-1959)

l'Ogre

Details
Germaine Richier (1904-1959)
l'Ogre
incised with signature 'G Richier' and stamped with the Valsuani foundry mark (on the base)
bronze with black patina
32 x 17¾ x 15 7/8 in. (81.2 x 45 x 40.3 cm.)
Conceived in 1949 and cast in 1951. This work is from an edition of six.
Provenance
Allan Frumkin Gallery, Chicago
Acquired from the above by the present owner, 1961
Literature
R. M. Claude, "Venise XXVI Biennale: Présence française," Arts, Paris, 26 June 1952, no. 365.
J. Grenier, "Germaine Richier, Sculpteur du terrible," L'Oeil, Paris, September 1955, pp. 26-31, no. 9 (another example illustrated).
G. Waldemar, "Germaine Richier," Prisme des arts, Paris, April 1956, no. 2.
D. Chevalier, "Un grand sculpteur: Germaine Richier," Prestige français et Mondanités, Paris, September 1956, pp. 60-65, no. 19 (another example illustrated).
B. Milleret, "Envoûtement de Germaine Richier," Les Nouvelles littéraires, Paris, 11 October 1956.
A. Chastel, "Germaine Richier: la puissance et le malaise," Le Monde, Paris, 13 October 1956.
D. Chevalier, "Sculpture encore: dans son atelier, vaste forêt de plâtres et de bronzes, Germaine Richier, chef d'école sculpte les grands mythes sylvestres," Femme, Paris, October-November 1956, pp. 71-83 (another example illustrated).
M. Conil-Lacoste, "Chroniques: Germaine Richier ou la confusion des rènes," Cahiers du sud, Marseille, February 1957, pp. 307-311.
Sculpture by Germaine Richier, exh. cat., Minneapolis, 1958.
Crétions et récrétions de Germaine Richier, exh. cat., Paris, 1959.
C. Roger-Marx, "Cette héritière, inspirée des grans maîtres: Germaine Richier," Le Figaro littéraire, Paris, 8 August 1959.
R. Couturier, "Tribune de Paris - Adieu à Germaine Richier: La force de son oeuvre," Tribune de Lausanne, Lausanne, 9 August 1959, no. 7.
A. Giacometti, "Tribune de Paris - Adieu à Richier: Assise parmi ses sculptures," Tribune de Lausanne, Lausanne, 9 August 1959, no. 7.
M. H. Vieira da Silva, "Tribune de Paris - Adieu à Germaine Richier: Son atelier était plein d'une étrange musique," Tribune de Lausanne, Lausanne, 9 August 1959, no. 7.
M. Seuphor, "XXIII. Biographies: Richier, Germaine," La sculpture de ce siècle, dictionnaire de la sculpture modern, Neuchâtel, 1959, pp. 225-353.
G. Marchiori, Modern French Sculpture, London, 1964, p. 52-53.
Germaine Richier, exh. cat., Paris, Galerie Creuzevault, 1966, n.p. (another example illustrated).
R. Barotte, "A la rencontre de Germaine Richier (1904-1959), le sculpteur qui va...au-delà de," in Vision sur les arts, Béziers, November 1978.
Brassaï, "Germaine Richier," in les Artistes de ma vie, Paris 1982, pp. 194-197.
P. Levy, "London's Frenetic Gallery Scene: O'Keeffe sinks; Freud is missing," The Wall Street Journal Europe, 11 June 1993.
Richer, exh. cat., Venice 2007, pp. 78-85, 131-135 (another example illustrated).
Exhibited
São Paulo, Museu de Arte Moderna, I Biennale, 1952, no. 3 (another example exhibited).
Venice, French Pavilion, XXVI Biennale Internazionale dell'Arte, 1952, no. 151 (another example exhibited).
Chicago, The Allan Frumkin Gallery, The Sculpture of Germaine Richier, 1954, no. 11 (illustrated).
Kunsthalle Basel, Germaine Richier, Bissière, H. R. Schiess, Vieira da Silva, Raoul Ubac, 1954, no. 9 (another example exhibited).
Bienne, Collège des Près Ritter, Exposition suisse de sculpture en plein air, 1954, no. 170 (another example exhibited).
Amsterdam, Stedelijk Museum, Vieira da Silva, Germaine Richier, 1955, no. 35 (another example exhibited).
Lille, Galerie Marcel Evrard, Germaine Richier, Roger Vieillard, 1955, no. 5 (another example exhibited and illustrated).
London, The Hanover Gallery, Germaine Richier, 1955, no. 7 (another example exhibited).
Paris, Musée national d'Art moderne, Germaine Richier, 1956, no. 16, pl. XIV (another example exhibited and illustrated).
Minneapolis, Walker Art Center, Sculpture by Germaine Richier, 1958, no. 10 (another example exhibited).
Boston, University School of Fine and Applied Arts, Sculptures by Germaine Richier, 1959, no. 30 (another example exhibited).
Antibes, Musée Picasso, Germaine Richier, no. 67 (another example exhibited).
New York, Museum of Modern Art, New Images of Man, 1959, no. 90 (another example exhibited and illustrated).
Zurich, Kunsthaus, Germaine Richier, 1963, no. 46 (another example exhibited).
Arles, Musée Réattu, Germaine Richier, 1964, no. 22 (another example exhibited and illustrated).
Humlebaeck, Louisiana Museum of Modern Art, Germaine Richier, 1988, no. 12 (another example exhibited).
Paris, Centre Wallonie-Bruxelles, Dominique Rolin, le temps approuvé, 1993 (another example exhibited).
London, Tate Gallery, Paris Post War: Art and Existentialism 1945-1955, 1993, pp. 161-162, no. 98 (another example exhibited and illustrated).
Saint-Paul de Vence, Fondation Maeght, Germaine Richier, Rétrospective, 1996, p. 91, no. 36 (another example exhibited and illustrated in color).
Lausanne, Musée cantonal des Beaux-arts, De Valloton à Dubuffet, 1996-1997 (another example exhibited and illustrated).
Berlin, Akademie der Künste, Germaine Richer, 1997, no. 39 (another example from the edition exhibited and illustrated).
Saint-Paul de Vence, Fondation Maeght, Le Nu au XXe siécle, 2000-01, no. 129 (another example exhibited and illustrated).
Venice, Peggy Guggenheim Collection, Richier, 2007 (another example exhibited and illustrated).

Lot Essay

Françoise Guiter will include this work in the upcoming Germaine Richier Catalogue Raisonné in preparation and we are grateful for her assistance.


In the years after the Second World War, Germaine Richier abandoned her realist style that she had learned from Rodin's assistant, Emile-Antoine Bourdelle to create striking sculptures that fuse the formal language of expressionism with the dark whimsy of Surrealism. Much like Giacometti, Richier channeled post-war trauma into dense battered sculptural forms, teetering on the brink of disintegration. Conceived in 1949, L'ogre is typical of the sculptures the artist produced at the time.

Richier employed Nardone, a favorite model of Rodin's, to pose for L'ogre. Nardone's portly, aged body was the perfect inspiration for an artist seeking to portray the broken figures of humanity left in the wake of war. To accentuate the physicality of the elderly muse's gnarled body, the artist used her bare hands to knead and shape the clay that would serve as the cast for the finished piece. The surface of the bronze still bears the intricate marks of the artist's hand.

The work itself is strikingly contradictory in its portrayal of the human condition. While the ogre's limbs are frail, his core is remarkably solid, resulting in a consciously unsettling juxtaposition. Though embattled, the ogre retains a sense of stability, firmly rooted in the ground and standing upright. The fortitude of the scarred figure asserts the persistence of the human will to survive history's darkest hour.

Germaine Richier in her studio with the model Nardone, Paris, 1954. (c) ADAGP, Paris and DACS, London 2011.

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