LUI SHOU KWAN (LÜ SHOUKUN, 1919-1975)
LUI SHOU KWAN (LÜ SHOUKUN, 1919-1975)

Zen

Details
LUI SHOU KWAN (LÜ SHOUKUN, 1919-1975)
Zen
Scroll, mounted and framed, ink and colour on paper
147.5 x 80 cm. (58 1⁄8 x 31 1⁄2 in.)
Inscribed and signed, with three seals of the artist
Dated 1970
Two collectors’ seals
Provenance
Acquired directly from the artist, thence by descent.
From the collection of the artist’s daughter, the Lui Chin Ling Collection.
Exhibited
Toronto, Gallery Eighties, 8-31 July, 1980.
Minneapolis, Hui Arts, April 1982.
Minneapolis, Honeywell Corporate Headquarters Gallery, Honeywell Plaza, 23 July - 27 August, 1982.
Further Details
Painted in Hong Kong: A Nurturing City for Chinese Artists since the 20th Century
It is hard to imagine that Hong Kong had a population of just over 6000 in 1841. The city grew tremendously in the next century under a crisscross of influences to become a modern, leading international financial centre. Compared to the political upheavals in Mainland China at the end of the Qing Dynasty, Hong Kong offered relative stability. Many entrepreneurs and business giants were incentivised to move southwards, boosting the city’s rapid economic development. Against its unique colonial backdrop, Hong Kong provided its people with new capital, opportunities, and access to Western culture novel to the locals.

Located along the South China Coast, the people of Hong Kong were closely associated with Lingnan culture that originated from the Guangdong province. By the 1920s in Guangzhou, the Lingnan school of painting was divided into two opposing parties. They held different philosophies and interpretations of what the school represented. Upon moving to Hong Kong, artists from both parties subsided their debates. With an emphasis on art production, these artists displayed a surge of creativity and took the Lingnan art tradition to the next level. The artists presented here, including Li Yanshan, Deng Fen, Zhang Xiangning and Ye Gongchuo, arrived in the 1930s during the war and enriched the ink art culture in Hong Kong through their traditional literati elegance. In addition to painting, Ye Gongchuo actively promoted the importance of local culture and national spirit to the general public. Zhao Shao’ang, Yang Shanshen, Ding Yanyong, Lui Shou Kwan and Irene Chou came to Hong Kong in the late 1940s; their varied techniques and presentations further augmented the diversity of ink paintings in Hong Kong. Zhao Shao’ang and Yang Shanshen became leading figures in the Lingnan School; Ding Yanyong, Lui Shou Kwan and Irene Chou, influenced by Western art practices, reflected contemporary artistic debates and concerns in their works. Lui Shou Kwan was at the forefront of the Hong Kong New Ink Movement. Joined by his students Irene Chou and Wucius Wong, they pushed boundaries and were ahead of their contemporaries in China on the creative front for a long time. Many artists came through Hong Kong from China in the mid-20th century and left their footprints. Huang Binhong maintained strong links with his friends and collectors in Hong Kong and visited the city twice. From the 1920s to the 1950s, he produced many fine works for these collectors. Other artists such as Zhang Daqian, Feng Zikai, Ye Qianyu and Huang Yongyu took up residence in Hong Kong temporarily. They came to the city searching for refuge, work opportunities, and above all, hope.

Having been established as a trading port, Hong Kong naturally became the closest hub for Mainland Chinese artists to host exhibitions and launch their commercial careers. Qi Gong, Wu Guanzhong, Guan Liang and many artists benefitted from hosting exhibitions in Hong Kong between the 1970s to the 1990s. These were vehicles to promote the artists’ careers before the art market in Mainland Chinese emerged, with opportunities created for their art to be acquired, appreciated and recognized by collectors and art connoisseurs.

Another artist who came to Hong Kong almost half a century ago at the age of 77 was Lin Fengmian. Although Lin did not appreciate Hong Kong as a claustrophobic, noisy, overtly commercial place, he nonetheless came to terms with it. The city offered him a calm environment to paint and a group of collectors and followers who revered his art; in reciprocity, he became the most iconic and representative artist associated with Hong Kong in the 20th century.

When Qi Gong passed away in 2005, the directorship at the Xiling Seal Art Society was not
filled for another six years until Rao Zongyi took the helm in 2011. Rao dedicated his life to researching and educating Chinese culture and paintings, and there is no better way to open this section than his calligraphy “Pride of Hong Kong”. While we have included many artists and their works in this section, it is impossible to fully manifest the unique role played by Hong Kong in shaping the development of Chinese paintings in the 20th century in just over a few pages. We hope that this presentation will stimulate and encourage the creativity of the younger generations of artists to foster an ever-changing Hong Kong art scene.

Brought to you by

Carmen Shek Cerne (石嘉雯)
Carmen Shek Cerne (石嘉雯) Vice President, Head of Department, Chinese Paintings

Lot Essay

Lui Shou Kwan emerged as a leader in the New Ink Art Movement in Hong Kong that began in the 1960s. For the three decades from his arrival in the city in 1948 until his death, Lui was a prolific painter, art writer, and art educator. Many remembered him fondly as a charismatic teacher whose influence on his students had a lifelong impact on their creative journey. Many of his students, including Wucius Wong, Irene Chou, Leung Kui Ting, Kan Tai Keung, Chui Tze Hung and Lawrence Tam, were to become the most influential artists, designers, curators, and art educators in Hong Kong in the second half of the 20th century. The city’s international link enabled Lui to exhibit his works widely in the United Kingdom and other countries as early as 1962, representing a new face of ink art to an international audience.

In parallel with Lui Shou Kwan’s artistic pursuit, several developments in Hong Kong accelerated the accessibility of art and art education around the same time. The City Hall Museum and Art Gallery, founded in 1962, became the first official venue in Hong Kong for a fine art exhibition. The Department of Extramural Studies at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, where Lui taught many of his students, was established in 1965. Through his classes there, he inspired many budding artists who continued to promote his teaching to future generations. In the late 1960s, Lui and his students set up the In Tao Art Association and One Art Group to gather like-minded artists to exchange ideas and host exhibitions.

Executed in 1970, Zen was created in the last decade of the artist’s life, when his abstract style was continuing to evolve. Zen is an exemplary example of Lui’s wet style, where he sprinkled water drops and diluted ink and colour on the surface of the painting in an unrestrained manner. Lui’s abstract Zen paintings always represent a universal theme – the lotus, which symbolises eternity, purity and Buddhahood. His wet style painting is complex, transparent and fervently energetic; it expresses the artist’s emotion at its most complex. With diluted ink applied in various types of brushstrokes, the red lotus petals and their reflection scattered in the horizon and unite the lotus, its leaves, and the lotus pond into one expression, which welcomes viewers to meditate upon Lui’s lifelong pursuit of Zen.

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