細節
朱銘
太極 - 進步搬攔捶
銅雕 雕塑
版數:1/3
1990年作
簽名:朱銘

來源
現藏者直接購自藝術家本人
歐洲 私人收藏


1976年朱銘首次在台灣國立歷史博物館舉行個展,太極系列(當時取名為「功夫」系列)首次公開展出,並取得巨大的成功。朱銘有意在傳統鄉土、寫實、道德題材外,另闢更廣闊的藝術領域。在76年前後的太極作品,朱銘已經有一些成功的開拓。同年,朱銘歐遊,參觀古羅馬巨大的石頭建築群,看著那些外形簡潔、但透過形態和堆疊而呈現出的壯麗感,朱銘精神獲得了高度的提振和啟發。自80年代,創作更為靈動和自由,捨棄了形象細節的交待,不再執意要交待如傳統長衫的襟扣痕跡。

當太極系列木雕奠定了朱銘的地位,朱銘也開始探索在木材以外的雕塑媒材,更多的選用了青銅和石塊作為太極造形的媒材,以展現氣勢更磅礡、更宏闊的巨大造型和古樸蒼茫的感受。媒材改變了技法,技法也改變了思維。不像木頭,現代石化媒材是一塊沒有生命的量體,沒有了與木頭原型的對話,很容易在下鋸之前,便被腦中固定的形式所牽引,而雕出大同小異或沒有個性的作品。於是,朱銘便發展出一種以「速度」代替「定性思維」、以「忘我」取代「計劃」的創作方式︰

「動刀之後,改變就開始了,隨著第一刀、第二刀馬上跟進,思考正要介入,第三刀眼明手快,搶進了當中的縫隙,再一刀……就這樣,一直下刀,一直變化,熟極而流。就算念頭一直緊隨,也有刀法一路衝鋒,這時已經不是用腦子的事了,理智終究要放棄,什麼雜念都插不進來,只剩下一個很深的自我在前進,憑著平時修練的智慧、直覺,不斷讓作品成形。」

1990年創作超過兩米高戶外景觀型的巨型青銅雕塑《太極-進步推攔捶》(Lot 1019),不但盡顯太極系列宏闊雄偉,氣勢磅礡的勁力,更深刻地說明了朱銘如何融會西方現代雕塑藝術的精髓,以簡約、抽象、幾何化的手段貫通中國太極招式中蘊涵的氣、流、轉、動等抽象宇宙哲學 (圖一、二及三)。朱銘把雕塑外型切割得簡潔、俐落、毫不猶疑,猶如形成一座千百萬年來飽經風吹雨打,雷電雪霜,依然屹立不倒的泰山。雕塑雙腳站地,重心前置左腳曲膝,右腳向後蹬腿,紮穩下盤,雙手張開,擺出進可攻,退可守的態勢,以御對手之功,動作靜中帶動,柔中帶剛。朱銘曾詮釋太極的真義說︰「太極有一個最大的特色,就是不頂不丟。對方的力來,我不去頂,可以自然去掉;但對方要跑,我也讓他跑不掉,這是不丟。如果練到這地步,就是高手了」。

朱銘巨型青銅雕塑,有如他的木雕作品的放大,比木雕作品大數倍不等。除了挑戰藝術家「雕」、「刻」的技法,藝術家同時需要以嶄新的角度審視作品,撇除體積尺寸以外賦予大型雕塑紮實的內涵與宏偉感。大型作品雕塑能提供觀者更廣的角度欣賞,觀者除了可遊走雕塑的左右兩側、正反兩面,更可蹲下來從低角度往上欣賞整個雕塑,這樣,雕塑的身軀猶如起伏的山巒,觀者的眼睛彷如攀登高山,雕塑的頭首便了群山的巔峰。巨型《太極-進步推攔捶》在具象與抽象之間,呈現一股沛然於宇宙的形而向上昇華的境界,太極拳式的動靜之間,藉由朱銘雕鑿的錘煉,演繹出令觀者肅然神往的意境。朱銘戶外景觀型的巨型雕塑深受亞洲以至歐美藏家喜愛,美國亞特蘭大市、堪薩斯大學、韓國奧林匹克雕塑公園、巴黎梵登廣場、香港中國銀行總行、交易廣場、香港中文大學也曾找到大型太極雕塑的踪影。大型太極雕塑在不同文化的公共空間展現,邀請行人對宇宙生命進行交流,共同體驗太極雕塑的存在與世界的關係。

木雕是朱銘70年代創作太極系列時最先使用的媒材。朱銘最初選擇了木雕作為他開展、思考太極系列的媒材,可說是把形式與主題高度統一的藝術深思。在木材而言,曾經是蘊育於歲月中的木頭,舉凡紋理、節籀、傷痕、都記錄著一個自然生命經歷風霜雨露、寒暑春秋、環境水土的結果。當藝術家面對這樣一個生命體,順著木材的原有紋理、造型、動態,劈剝之間,也就形成對話與拉鋸,恰如太極所體現動靜交錯、虛實相應、兩儀並生等精神的具體象徵。太極是「人與自然結合」的一種歷練,人用自己的身體去接觸和模倣宇宙中的自然現象。太極的精神就是透過身體的訓練,幫助人們回到自然的狀態,模倣自然界之間那種互相關連、互相輔助的和諧條理。藝術家與木材的應接、把潛藏於木材的生命力提點出來,也是「人與自然結合」的一種完美表現。「太極」的意涵不單體現在形式上,也能在木雕的媒材與刻鑄中,獲得某種高度的體現與紓解。朱銘以「雕」與「刻」的技法,由外往內削減地雕刻,假設造型被藏在材料中,一步一步地發掘出來。

初期的太極系列,都是單人一件的作品,從一個人的肢體動態中,表現太極的力道與氣韻。但太極的本意,原本就有陰陽二氣、二元對立而又渾然一體,二者相生相長,以繁衍無限,派生萬物。在80年代以後,朱銘便陸續製作出不同的雙人對打造型後,開啟了對太極系列重新思考的新一章。《太極系列》(Lot 1020)更將太極中兩人對招、推手的形體抽象化。原本獨立的形體、對招的形式與空間的對應關係,已經過藝術家的再次轉化。在圓弧、相連的造型中隱含著力量的連續性,超越了人體形象的模擬,仍保存動勢,甚至進一步強化了流轉律動氣韻的表現,被認為能貼近太極無形無意、流轉不息的精義神韻。可見,朱銘已經不執著於眼前所看到的事物,從而脫離了招式與身法的限制,顯示出強烈的現代性抽象語言特質,如他所說的:「現在,我讓雙手連接起來,一連接,氣的流動、肌肉的牽動,就相互貫通、活絡,合為一體。」至此朱銘已排除了重現拳術身法的企圖,在造型與物象的掌握上「無法為有法」,直接回溯最根本的身體行為,以藝術家對中國文化與太極拳法的融會貫通作為創作的立足點,因而在《太極系列》剛柔相濟的線條、均衡但不對稱的形體中,「蓄勁如開弓,發勁如放箭」,表現出動能迸發的一瞬間。

來源
Acquired directly from the artist by the present owner
Private Collection, Europe

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拍品專文

The Taichi series made its debut in 1976 when Ju Ming had his first solo exhibition in the Taiwan National Museum of History. Then called the Kungfu series, it was an enormous success, with Ju's endeavor to open up a wider field of art besides those themes as Nativism, Realism and morality. Ju Ming had made many successful advances in sculptural art, but the Taichi series executed post-1976 saw a clear understanding of the rhythm and life imbued within this craft, suggesting explored possible methods to improve what Ju believed to be overly meticulous and calculated steps within the practice. At the same time, Ju's travels around Europe and his encounters with the huge stone constructs of ancient Rome inspired him to create works with clean contours and feeling of monumentality. As a result, his creations since 1980s have been more flexible and free, and from the 1980s onwards, his art branched off from the narration of excessive details, and exudes more litheness and liberty.

While the wood-carved Taichi series earned for Ju Ming a great reputation, the artist started exploring other materials in sculpture, and singled out bronze and stone for making his Taichi figures to impute the grandiose, immense vigour and the mood of archaism. Techniques changed along with the media, and the methods of approach changed with the techniques. Unlike wood, stone can appear to be an unanimated weighty block. Without a dialogue with the wood prototype, it is very easy to be controlled by predetermined patterns before even beginning to shape the material, thus creating works that have little nuance or personality. Therefore, Ju developed a method in which "speed" replaces "fixed thinking pattern" and "self-denial" replaces "program". He stated "Once I start to carve, the changes begin and follow up with the first and second cuts, and just before my mind is right to intervene, the third cut comes, blocking the gap in it, and yet another cut strikesKThus, cutting all the way, and changing all the way, with my skills going along with it. Even if my mind follows through, my cuts are always going ahead. And at this moment, it is not a business of the mind anymore, as the mind will give up eventually, and any ideas cannot intervene. Only with a sense of motivation driven by wisdom and instinct accumulated from previous practices do I continuously form the work."

In 1990 Ju created the Advancing Step Barricade Moving Punch (Lot 1019). A gigantic outdoor bronze exceeding two meters of height, this sculpture thoroughly demonstrates the stately, imposing verve of the Taichi series. By paring the work in a succinct and resolute manner, the artist contrives a sculpture that speaks of a lofty mountain standing erect against the callous whims of nature over hundreds of thousands of years. The statue is on its feet, weight held forward, with its left knee bent and its right leg straightened behind. Standing firm, its hands are raised and extended into a posture that allows both attack and self-defense; the strength of the opponent is counteracted, as its move showcases the dynamic of stillness and the rigidity of pulpiness. Ju Ming, in interpreting the essence of Taichi, said "the one prominent feature of Taichi is that it neither resist nor forfeit. My non-resistance carries it away most naturally, and the rival has no gateway. One becomes a master with this prowess."

The huge bronze sculpture of Ju Ming seems not only to be a magnification of his woodwork pieces, but represents the culmination of Ju's study of modern Western sculptural practices, the simplification and abstraction of mass and form, combined with his deep exploration of taichi and its theories of energy, flow, movement, and strength. Such creations, apart from being challenging to chisel and carve, requires the artist to adopt a fresh perspective with which to impart to the massive work with symbolic strength and a sense of majesty. The massiveness of the sculpture provides viewers with ample room for appreciation. Viewers may move around the four sides or crouch down to examine the sculpture, which is like an undulating mountain chain that impels the viewers to clamber up with their eyes to the summit, the sculpture's head. Lying between reality and abstraction, the gigantic Advancing Step Barricade Moving Punch opens up a sublime metaphysical realm that transcends the physical universe. Under the artist's refinement, the swift and tranquil taichi movement absorbs the audience into a fascinating spiritual world. The huge outdoor sculptures of Ju Ming are ardently admired by both Asian and Western collector, and are dislpayed in a number of collections such as in Atlanta, Georgia, the University of Kansas in the United States, the Olympic Sculpture Park in South Korea, Place Vendôme in Paris, and the Chinese University, the Bank of China, and Exchange Square in Hong Kong. Exhibited in different public spaces under diverse cultures, the Taichi sculptures invite every passerby to enjoy Ju's profound reflection on sculpture, form and the dynamic flow of energy that underlies Taichi.

Wood is the earliest medium used by Ju Ming when he created Taichi series in 1970s. In the very beginning, Ju Ming chose wood as the media for his exploration in the Taichi series, which can be described as a great artistic consideration that highly integrates form with theme. Wood is a supple material because it displays its scars from the past through textures, knots and scratches, standing as a testament against its environment, water and soil. The original textures, shapes, dynamic shapes and cuts on the wood forms a dialogue and gives direction to the artist and the principles of Taichi. Its spirit is interlaced with dynamic and static movements, and its void coexists with presence. Taichi can be seen as the combination of human and nature, in which human beings contact and imitate the natural phenomena of the universe with their bodies. The Taichi spirit assists people to return to their natural state. This is complemented by Ju's use of material. Wood stands as the ideal material for the artist to interact with and to extract the essence of Taichi, a return to nature. The hidden life behind wood bursts free through Ju's sculptures, truly merging the human form with nature.

The Taichi series in its early days is a set of individual figurines in which the momentum and tenor of the Taichi art are arrayed through gestures and dynamism of a single body. The core meaning of Taichi revolves around the oppositional but integral forces of yin and yang . After the 1980s Ju Ming carried on with the sparring models, thereby writing a new chapter of his freshened exposition of the Taichi series. Taichi Series (Lot 1020) is a further step to abstract the sparring and pushing hands of the two contenders. The independent shapes, the form of their battle, and their corresponding spatial relationship are transfigured through the hands of the artist. The arched, united structure animates the progression of force. Rising beyond the limit of bodily shapes, it enhances with dynamism, the rhythmic flow of the Taichi movement, and reaches the oblivious, enduring verve of Taichi. The initial independent forms and the corresponding relationship between the moves and spaces have been abstractedly transformed again in the hands of the artist. A series of linking forms display a continuity of forces. Ju is said to break from the constraints of the moves and steps, and his works have strongly embodied qualities of modern abstraction. As he said "at the moment when I join my hands the Qi (air) flows, and muscle pulls. They connect and vein through the whole body that are finally unified as one." Ju Ming has no intention to represent the moves and steps of the boxing art. Instead, he prefers "no ways as having ways" when describing the forms of an object, directly referring to the basic body movement. Drawing from the combination of Chinese culture and Taichi boxing arts, Ju's Taichi Series have incorporated strong and soft lines, balanced and imbalanced forms, and at a particular moment expressed the force like "retaining strength on the arrow and shooting powerfully."

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