細節
朱德群
No. 15 泉源
油彩 紙本 裱於畫布
1959年作
簽名︰朱德群 CHU TEH-CHUN

來源
盧森堡 私人收藏

1955年,朱德群初抵法國,在參觀德.斯塔埃爾 (Nicolas de Staël) 的畫展後受到抽象創作的啟發,至1956年間呈現具象寫實與抽象表現並行的風格,1958年朱德群在巴黎舉行第一次的個人畫展,並受到勒讓德爾畫廊 (Legendre Gallery) 負責人莫理斯.巴尼耶 (Maurice Panier) 的賞識,進而和他簽下六年的專屬契約。對朱德群而言,個展的成功與代理畫廊的合約無疑是對於他在抽象領域的正面肯定與鼓舞。從此之後,他也熱切投身於點、線、面的抽象語言組構,開始探索一種自由奔放、純粹色彩與內心世界的表現方式。

也許是初到巴黎的緣故,朱德群起先以城市與街景為抽象表現的主題,1957年開始著重塊面與線條間的組合實驗;隔年的作品在結構上更為緊密,並擴大渲染技法的使用,形成更為深邃的空間感。直幅構圖的《No. 15 泉源》(Lot 1017) 創作於1959年,強而有力、縱橫交錯的黑色線條已成為畫面重心,具體顯示了朱德群多年來紮實的書法基礎。藝術家經過了三年來對於形式元素的實驗與理解,重新回歸東方本源與中國書畫傳統,以筆墨線條帶動與整合了整體畫面。左上方傾洩而下的白色油彩彷彿清冽的泉水,令我們聯想起新古典主義畫家安格爾(Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres)的名作《泉》(圖一),畫中女子柔軟的身體曲線與泉水的弧線相呼應,在靜態與動態中達到完美的平衡;朱德群則在《No. 15 泉源》以迅捷快速的線條與乾刷飛白的筆觸,勾勒出泉水灑落瞬間的動態感,隨著黑色、白色與紅色顏料厚塗與稀薄的油彩質地變化,也同時塑造出畫面微妙的光線反射,由此可見藝術家由寫實入抽象的深厚功底,並非單純對於形式元素的挪用與重新排列,而是透過對於物象特性的掌握,將中心概念轉化為色塊、幾何圖形及具東方書法色彩的線條組合。

1965年醫生保羅.蓋 (Paul Gay) 邀請朱德群參加他在上薩瓦 (Haute-Savoie) 地區舉辦的鄉村藝術節,藝術家在飛越阿爾卑斯山的過程中,第一次俯視大自然,對雪景留下了深刻的印象。雖然遲至1985年以後朱德群才開始創作一系列的雪景作品,但早在1981年的《自然之復興》(Lot 1018) 即嘗試以壓克力顏料呈現雪地風光,或許半透明且快乾的顏料特性亦使朱德群從中得到啟發,不同於中國山水畫多是描繪靜態的雪景寒林,《自然之復興》呈現了大雪紛飛的動態美,直率的感情流露來自西方抽象表現主義的啟發,但其間的中國本質卻清晰可見,墨黑色塊宛如巨碑山水展現壯闊的氣勢,前景則以細膩婉轉的線條牽引著我們探索瞬息萬變的大自然風光,在點點飛雪的交織間創造出多樣的空間感,畫面上方的淡藍色線條暗示了遠山在日光照射下的光影變化,朱德群以書畫傳統中種種揮灑飛白、滴落流濺的技法,拆解出點、線、面等形式元素,再進一步融入豐富的層次感形塑雪景,至此藝術家已超越了西方自然主義的直觀,回到自身的民族根源與文化底蘊,在以中國傳統山水的審美觀點內化雪景的過程中,《自然之復興》實呈現了朱德群豐富的情感與對於大自然的熱愛。
來源
Private Collection, Luxembourg

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拍品專文

When Chu Teh-chun set foot on the soil of France in 1955 and visited the exhibition of Nicolas de Stael, he was deeply inspired by his abstract art. Henceforth his style, as showcased in his works from 1955 to 1956, integrates realistic representation with abstract expression. In 1958, Chu held his first solo exhibition in Paris. Having impressed Maurice Panier, owner of Legendre Gallery, Chu was offered a consignment contract of six years. The consignment meant more than a successful exhibition: it was the first time Chu received such great encouragement and recognition from the art world. Thereafter, Chu indulged himself in the abstract language of points, lines and planes, devoting himself to the exploration of a liberal expression, with pure colours, and of himself.

No. 15 La Source

It might have been a curiosity of an unknown land that led Chu Teh-chun to use Paris's city and street views as themes in his abstract works when he first arrived in Paris. From 1957 onwards, his focus shifted to the disposition of blocks and lines. In the next year, his composition became even more compact, and with an extended use of the blending and spreading techniques the artist created more profound space. The vertically composed No. 15 La Source (Lot 1017) was painted in 1959. The powerful, interspersing black lines neatly illustrate the artist's mature practice in calligraphy and become the focal point of the painting. After exploring and experimenting with forms for three years, Chu went back to his Eastern origin and reverted to the Chinese painting and calligraphic tradition in which swift brushstrokes steer and amalgamate on the whole canvas. The white colour pours like a limpid waterfall from the top left corner and reminds us of La Source of Jean-Auguste Dominique. Ingres, the renowned Neo-Classical artist. In Ingres's La Source, the curve-shaped woman body echoes with the loop of the spring water, engendering a perfect balance between the static and the dynamic; in Chu's No. 15 La Source the succinct lines and the dry, sweeping strokes outline the instant motion of the splashing water. The texture, visualized through the layering of viscous and thin pigments of black, white and red, is under constant transformation, which produces a subtle reflection of lights. All these demonstrate
Chu Teh-Chun's prowess as an artist who advanced from realism to abstractionism. His artwork is not a straight forward appropriation and rearrangement of formal elements; rather, it exhibits how its creator, by way of grasping imaginary features, transforms the core conception into a combination of colour blocks, geometric figures and near-calligraphic lines of the East.
Renaissance de la Nature

In 1965, Dr. Paul Gay invited Chu to a village art fair in the Haute-Savoie region. When he flew over the Alps, the artist had the chance to overlook this grand nature for the first time in his life and was stunned by the magnificent landscape of snow. It was not until later the artist began his series of snowscape until 1985, but he had obviously made the attempt in 1981, to portray the snowy scenery with acrylic paints in Renaissance de la Nature (Lot 1018). Perhaps inspired by the property of his translucent, quick-drying paint, Chu depicts in the work a dynamic charm of the falling, swirling snow - quite different from the static snowy wood that usually appears in Chinese landscape painting. Such direct articulation of sentiment seems to have originated from Abstract Expressionism of the West, but equally apparent has been a Chinese essence instilled in the painting. The inky black blocks of colour evoke the imposing strength of the mountain-and-river landscape or else a colossal monument. In the foreground, the delicate serpentine lines lead the audience to explore the continually changing terrain of nature. The flakes of snow scatter over the canvas, creating a diverse sense of dimension. On the top of the picture are pale-blue lines that intimate the transmuting shades and shadows of the distant sierra under the sun. With all kinds of traditional techniques - sprinkling, dripping, splashing, and sweeping strokes - the artist deconstructs such formal elements as points, lines and planes and suffuses them into it a rich sense of layer to reproduce the snowscape. Chu Teh-Chun, on that account, has moved beyond the intuitive naturalism of the West. To envisage snowscape through the aesthetics of Chinese tradition is for the artist a return to his own ethnic origin and cultural deposits; for this, the Renaissance de la Nature reveals the lofty sentiment of Chu Teh-Chun and his passion for nature.

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