ZHOU CHUNYA
周春芽

紅石系列

細節
周春芽
紅石系列
油彩 畫布
1995 年作
簽名︰周春芽


《紅石系列》(Lot 1343)創作於1995年,是周春芽以德國新表現主義的視點探索中國傳統藝術的成果。當同輩藝術家汲汲於反思社會、政治,周春芽卻集中探索色彩、肌理、質感和造型,對繪畫元素、表達形式的窮究,使他的創作達到另一深度。這個時期的周春芽著重在研究傳統文人山水畫、石頭盆景,按他自述︰「我在創作「山石」的時候,正在研究文人山水畫,我並沒有像國畫家那樣在材質屬性和圖式形態上去理解,而是按照我的表現意圖去尋找那些令我覺得陌生又能帶來驚喜的東西,我在肌理和質感上花費了很大的工夫,近似於強迫症似的去捕捉和玩味那些潛藏在石頭自然屬性中的視覺因素,把這些東西強化、放大本就是形式,而視覺的呈現本就是內容。」對周春芽而言,中國傳統藝術是強調寫意、表達個性,縱然表現的是一個內向、幽雅靜憩的性格,但對個性的重視是和西方表現主義互相契合的,他的《紅石系列》就是透過獨特的色彩和筆墨把這兩個藝術傳統融合起來,創作一種嶄新的視覺形式。他襲用德國新表現主義的視點,進一步強化中國傳統的寫意和個性元素;刻意偏離正統水墨柔淡纖弱的視覺質感,改用濃稠豐厚、鮮豔瑰麗的紅色油彩去描繪傳統山石,強調色彩的肌理的表現性。畫面所見,他同時以繁複錯落的造型結構改變了文人繪畫扁平的視覺特性,堆疊錦密的筆法,使油彩呈現異常濃重的雕塑質感和繁密的肌理趣味,表達一種不常見於中國傳統藝術的激烈、刺激情緒。石頭形態奇詭,從色彩到構圖,均給人張揚奔放、帶點「暴力」的體會,呈現了一種曲折、壓抑、複雜和看不透的印象,那是把中國傳統中的石頭原型,重新開發、重新演繹,契合了西方表現主義,也因此確立了具周春芽風格的視覺形態和表現筆觸。

1995-1997年間,周春芽開展了他的「綠狗系列」,促成創作上的巨大轉折。他以單一綠色色彩來描繪德國狼犬「黑根」的不同形態,綠色兼具超現實、剌激而又寧靜的視覺效果,創造了強烈的視覺衝擊,是周春芽表現主義風格的又一高峰。《綠狗No.12》(Lot 1344)和《綠狗系列》(Lot 1501)兩作的畫面所見,表達重點已由前一階段的色彩和肌理,轉變為形體結構和體積感。周春芽自述這一系列的創作理念︰「尤其是《綠狗》,我更是加強了雕塑語言的趣味,我認為它不是圖像而是畫布上的雕塑」。綠狗的形體是由皴擦、摩擦、扭曲的筆觸所構成。筆觸的扭動十分繁密,色彩彷彿轉過去、扭過來,充滿一種如周春芽所討論的「起伏跌宕」的「形體節奏」,在表現雕塑體積感的同時,讓人留連於綠色的細膩轉換,把色彩和筆勢運動變成令人著迷的表現元素,也突顯了藝術家的創作情緒和個性。在「綠狗系列」,周春芽創新的運用留白的表達手法,抹除了背景元素,把綠狗置放於純白的背景之中,更加突顯色彩之表現張力和雕塑量感,也彷彿展示著一種孤撓不屈的存在狀況,使周春芽的「綠狗」充滿了存在主義、象徵主義的特色,揭示著個體的存在狀況和生命中最真實的本質。「綠狗系列」發展的時間很長,從1990年代中期開始,直到現在仍是畫家反覆描繪的主題。由於「狗」在中西方藝術都是罕見的主題,周春芽創作上幾乎沒有先例可循,所以他創造綠狗的形態總是依循十分個人的表達方式,不斷加入創新的元素和獨特的筆觸構成,加強了他的表現主義風格。2000年代以後的「綠狗」作品,由於沒有了原始描繪的實體(黑根已死去),狗的形體和神態則更具寫意、抽象的表現,綠狗形象的爆發力和視覺衝擊都更為強烈,在評論者而言「更為自信」、傳達了「暴力語言和反美學的意味」。運筆方面也更為簡練,成為半抽象的大寫意,包含了強烈文人畫的筆意,使他成為中國當代藝術中少數能以筆墨意趣,而非故事情節,來吸引觀賞者的藝術家之一。

《桃花與綠狗》(Lot 1345)創作於2008年,屬《桃花風景》的創作脈絡,啟引周春芽的嶄新創作面向,提供十分豐富的解讀空間。《桃花與綠狗》與一般的《桃花系列》比較,包含更強烈的視覺衝擊力和獨特美感。畫面所見,視覺元素十分繁密,鮮綠和桃花的色彩對比幾乎填滿、散佈整個畫面,互相衝撞,也互相牽引。桃花誇張的變形,濃豔賁張的緋紅色彩、歡暢豐饒的形態,賦予桃花一種狂放妖豔的視覺形象,一改中國傳統裡桃花的溫柔嫻靜形象,傳達出自然界生命力、愛情和性愛的力量,恰如藝術家所描述︰「在一種流動的色彩情緒中放縱著本能和個性」,進至開拓了一種嶄新的文化視野和想象空間。此外,在構圖上,作品把遠景拉到前景來畫,把畫面前方的桃花和綠狗畫得特別碩大,甚至刻意的不合比例,壓迫到前景來,造成一種視覺的衝擊力,隱喻如性愛的原始力量。畫面也特別多流動揮灑的線條、恣情縱意的走筆,桃樹枝椏、草叢黑色和綠色用筆雜亂穿錯著、綻放花蕊、綠狗鬆動毛髮等,全都以濃重有力的粗實線條來呈現。按畫家所論,他畫桃花時,卻時刻想著坦克車的模式,是要以坦克的堅硬、暴力的線條揉合在其中,避免桃花色彩滑向普通、俗氣的美,此所以他畫枝椏、枝葉的筆觸,總是能呈現了一種剛烈、狂的形態,充滿一種矛盾和衝突的力量,但又不會流於粗疏,最後又會回歸到旖旎悅目的粉色上,是一種既「溫和而暴力」的嶄新審美經驗。至於作品中把桃花、綠狗、紅人幾個元素共冶一爐,更是神來之筆。明媚璀璨的桃花林中,不是傳統藝術語境的雅致山石,卻是齜牙裂咀、意態嬉遊的綠狗,背後再點綴了象徵個體情欲的紅人,呼應著強烈的色彩和筆觸運動,使整幅作品充滿曖昧的情色意味,彷彿讓人更強烈地感受到原始、熾熱的生命力量律動。透過作品,觀賞者也重新回顧了周春芽「紅人」、「綠狗」、「桃花」等系列的元素,對這些元素背後所隱喻的生活情境和象徵意義作一次總結性的回顧和體味,使得《桃花與綠狗》在「桃花系列」有更為獨特的意義和豐富的層面。

周春芽致力探索造型、筆觸,也把探索轉到雕塑媒材上。《桃園結義》(Lot 1346)中塑造了綠狗形象,它們孤削的形體造成獨特的視覺形象,彷彿傳達一種孤獨的氛圍,一如「桃園結義」中劉備、關羽和張飛最後的傷感下場。周春芽繪畫「桃園結義」的題材,可能正因故事發生在桃花盛放的季節,於是他又能把「桃花」系列的元素帶入作品之中,進行不同創作元素的揉合和對話。周春芽曾提到他繪畫綠狗油畫,揮動筆觸時是想象著在平面畫布進行雕塑。他在雕塑勾勒的起伏理,又恰好是一個對倒,雕塑紋理可以被看作如油畫的筆觸,彷彿令人想見藝術家在創作雕塑時的運動力量,表現獨特的創作個性和境況。而《綠狗》(Lot 1370)一作則以圓滑流暢的質感,呈現了一個玩味、俏皮、幽默的綠狗形象。綠狗身上手繪的濃豔桃花也傳達著一種歡愉的美好感受,正好反映2009年周春芽的心境。創作獨特雕塑形象和質感,具體的傳達一種抽象的美好感受。

拍品專文

Painted in 1995, the Red Rock Series (Lot 1343) is the fruit of a quest to contemplate Chinese traditional art from the Germanic neo-expressionist perspective. At a time when his contemporaries immersed themselves in social and political remarks, Zhou Chunya revolved around colors, structure, texture and modeling, trying to exhaust his exploration on the elements of painting and its representation. The result has been a kind of depth profound and characteristic of his creations. The time saw Zhou's meticulous study on the traditional literati landscapes and rock miniascapes: "I was working on the literati landscapes when I created the Rock Series. I didn't, however, perceive them in the way like the Chinese traditional painters. That is, I afford no attempt to scrutinize their material properties and patterns and shapes but to search, according to my own purpose of expression, for those features that all together estrange and amaze me. I have spent much time on texture and the sense of texture, as I tried, almost like an obsessive, to capture and ponder over the deep-root factors that affect our visual perception of the rocks. Their augmentation and magnification are in essence the form; their visualization is in essence the content - I don't have to explain it further. These rocks are more astounding and startling than those that are viewed and interpreted through concepts and methods." For Zhou the expression of aura and disposition is innate to Chinese traditional art, albeit it dresses in an introvert and placid style. In its essence, however, the stress on individuality is in tune with Western expressionism. The Red Rock Series is thus a novel genre of visuality in which the two artistic traditions are integrated through the artist's unique use of colors and brushwork. While a Germanic neo-expressionists perspective enhances the atmospheric and individualistic features of Chinese traditional art, the deliberate application of the thick, vibrant pigments of red, which produces a visual texture disparate to the traditional ink-wash lightness and fragility, emphasizes the texture of the rocks and, in subtlety, the expressiveness of colors. The intricate structure of the work estranges the conventional flatness of literati paintings; a heaping, interspersing brushstroke brings to the oils an intense sense of texture, at once sculptural and compact, which evokes a fierce, exciting sentimental experience rarely found in Chinese traditional art. With the bizarre shapes of the rocks and their colors and composition, a flavor of flamboyance, liberty, and even violence pervades the work, arousing a labyrinthine and suppressed impression - one that is too complicated to see through.@This work is a re-representation of Chinese traditional rocks; fused with Western expressionism, it substantiates a uniquely Zhou's style of visuality and brushwork.

The art of Zhou Chunya undergoes an impressive turn when the artist began his Green Dog Series from 1995 to 1997. He portrayed his German wolfhound in a monochromic green, a technique that draws on the surreal, stimulating and yet peaceful connotation of the color to produce a striking visual impact. With this attempt the expressionist style of Zhou reaches another peak. From the Green Dog No. 12 (Lot 1344) and Green Dog Series (Lot 1501) we can observe a transformation of his artistic focus: from the colors and texture to the figurative structure and the sense of volume. Zhou, when commenting on this series, explained his idea of creation: "It is especially true for the Green Dog that I enhance the charm of the sculptural language. I take them not as graphical images but sculptures on the canvas." The shape of the green dog is materialized with textual strokes and the rubbing and twisting of brushwork, which is so remarkably dense that it seems to have produced a spinning motion to the colors and, as the artist said, a "pulsating figurative rhythm". Just as it engenders a sculptural sense of volume to the work, it entices us to look into every minute transformation of the greens, transfiguring colors and brushstroke into the alluring elements of expression that highlights the artist's sentiment and traits. In the Green Dog Series the artist ingeniously employs the technique of blank spacing; an obliterated background singles out the expressiveness of colors and the sculptural volume of the work, and the green dog, affixed within pure white, seems a solitary and indomitable existence. An existentialistic, symbolic essence suffuses the green dog of Zhou Chunya, putting on display the condition of individual existence and the real nature of life. The Green Dog Series has stirred Zhou's mind for a long time. Since mid-1990 he has made the green dog the subject of his portrait and it still lingers up to the present. Apparently no references are available amid Zhou's creative process; dogs, being an uncommon theme for both Chinese and Western art, allow a distinctly personal expression for the artist, who persists with the tinting of innovative elements and unique brushwork which accentuate his expressionist style. After 2000, with the death of Hei Gen, his Green Dog becomes more liberal and abstract in its shape and demeanor in the absence of a corporeal model. The figure of the green dog discharges immense power, manifesting an even more intense visual impact to the audience - "more confident," as some critics comment, and conveys a kind of "violent language and an anti-aesthetics implication". His brushstroke, getting more succinct, turns into a semi-abstracted expression of the grand aura, reminiscent of the calligraphic, liberal strokes of the literati painting. It is such adeptness in enthralling audience with the play of strokes rather than narratives that sets Zhou Chunya apart from most of his contemporaries.
Peach Blossom & Green Dog (Lot 1345), produced in 2008, is identified with the Peach Blossom Landscape series which marks yet another direction of Zhou's creative activity and allow considerable room for interpretation. Peach Blossom & Green Dog, nevertheless, gives off a still more impactful visuality and distinct aesthetics than the Peach Blossom Landscape. As can be observed the work is crammed with so many visual elements like the contrasting colors of the peach blossom and the vivid greens. Scattering across and pervading all through the canvas, they strike and usher each other. The over-distorted shapes of the peach blossom, tinted with the imperious lurid red, tell not only of gaiety and prosperity but also a sense of wildness and flirtatious enchantment largely discord with the graceful image of traditional Chinese peaches. The power of the exuberant nature, love and sex so revealed is best described by the artist as "a reckless release of instinct and personality amid a flowing sentiment of the colors", which opens up a new cultural perspective and scope of imagination. The composition, too, produces an influential visual effect; the distant scenery is brought to the foreground, so that the curiously sizable peach blossoms and the green dog, rather out of proportion, subjugate the canvas, insinuating a barbaric vigor of sex. The interspersing black branches and green bushes, the blooming florets and the spongy hairs of the green dog are all depicted in thick, forceful lines, washing the canvas with unbounded lineal motion and a profusely liberal brushstroke. As the artist once mentioned, he cannot let go of the image of a tank when he paints the peach blossoms. He intends to toss in the solid and violent contour of a tank to his work and directs his peach blossoms away from the gaudy prettiness commonly attached to them. While his branches and leaves are postured as a fierce, unyielding entity charged with contradiction and conflict, they are never scratchy, always reposing themselves on the elegant washy colors. This is just the aesthetics of the artist - a tender, and yet violent experience. It is an ingenious move for Zhou to feed the peach blossoms, the green dog and the red man in one single work; at the heart of the delightful, captivating forest of peaches is a green dog, grinning and jolly, instead of the refined mountain and rock conventional to the traditional discourse. The red man at the back, evocative of lure, echoes with the forceful colors and brushwork, giving the work a subtle erotic touch that drives the audience to intuit the rigorous and primitive rhythm of life. With Peach Blossom & Green Dog we are prepared to reflect, in discrete, on Zhou Chunya's series of Red Man, Green Dog and Peach Blossom and to look afresh at the quotidian implications and symbolic meanings of these elements. This in entirety affords the work a unique significance and depth atypical to the Peach Blossom series.

Zhou Chunya's exploration of modeling and brushwork are also carried over to his scriptures. In the Brotherhood (Lot 1346) the gaunt physique of the green dogs produces a peculiar visual image. It seems to be conveying a solitary ambience redolent of the melancholic lives of the three brothers - Liu Bei, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei - in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, an age-old Chinese story. Perhaps because Zhou painted the subjects of the Brotherhood in the season when peaches blossomed, he passed on certain creative elements of the Peach Blossom series to his work, in which they communicate and coalesce. Zhou has once recalled that he was thinking about sculpturing on canvas when he painted the green dog oils. The bumpy outline of the sculpture is an exact t?te-b?che of the brushstroke of oils; the carving of sculpture can be viewed as the brushing of oil, calling to mind the bodily movement of the artist in the process of creating, and so underlining the unique personality of the creator and the condition in which he creates. Rather at variance with the Brotherhood, Green Dog (Lot 1370) displays a smooth sense of texture with a playful, humorous, curious image of the dog. The hand-painted brilliant peaches on its body tell of goodness and a gleeful mood, which indicates the artist's state of mind in 2009. The peculiar modeling and texture of the sculpture exudes, in a tangible manner, an abstract sublimity.

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