細節
王沂東
靜靜的河谷
油彩 畫布
1997年作
簽名︰Wang Yidong 王沂東

來源
1999年4月25日 佳士得香港 編號 322
現藏者購自上述拍賣

展覽
1997年11月7-30日「鄉土情懷︰王沂東、艾軒油畫選」澳門市政廳畫廊 澳門 中國
1999年3月 「王沂東個展」少勵畫廊 香港 中國

出版
1997年《鄉土情懷︰王沂東、艾軒油畫選》澳門市政廳畫廊 澳門 中國 (圖版,第7圖,無頁數)
1999年《王沂東》少勵畫廊 香港 中國 (圖版,第131頁、第181頁;圖版為局部,第133頁)


中國現代美術史的發展,無法脫離中國近代史的政治環境影響。20年代西方古典寫實主義精神隨著留學回國的藝術家,帶進中國藝術界。1942年,藝術被當作政治宣傳工具的情況下,中國意識形態的主題成為了中國繪畫的主流,而寫實則成為一個描述現實的手段。直至1978年,隨著中國改革開放,中國藝術家的視野驟然打開。在多元發展下,中國美術學校慢慢成為現代美術的實驗室。其中王沂東通過竭而不捨的研究與嘗試,在傳統與新潮、中國與西方中找到新的方向,形成個人畫風,但卻保持他的美學意旨為純粹的人道主義。

那備受推崇的視覺奢華就像獨特的相片交響樂—寫實派技巧和重新演繹的新古典主義。《靜靜的河谷》(Lot 1001)就是屬性於理想主義的本質,可堪考察的真實環境和現代包裝的古典主題,忠於中國的景致,連結兩個時代,同樣為自由、英雄主義、節儉、質樸價值和人類美德而奮鬥。王氏著迷於平凡的審美觀,日拍作品肖像畫《裸女》(Lot 1353)和「許願」(Lot 1429)都顯示了這個典型特點,他以最少的色調和簡潔的鉛筆素描輕描淡寫地描繪美女。80年代的作品清晰地展示他技術靈巧的源由,就是他闡述房間的溫暖氣氛,以淡黃色調的油彩營造氣氛,還有輕輕模糊的輪廓。他後期的作品,輪廓變得清晰實在,準確聚焦的肖像面容更具有說明力;《許願》和《靜靜的河谷》的中性表情的重要佈置,就是王沂東為了重現兩個肖像的心理狀態而作出的挑戰,因此她們表現出迷惑、無言的神情和完全緊扣人心的眼神。

《靜靜的河谷》畫面的場景設置於一個寧靜簡樸的湖溪邊,河邊溪石坐著了年輕甜美的女少,以嬌羞溫婉的姿態靜坐著。四周環境簡潔而清幽,沒有落花、枯葉,甚至是湖水也只是輕泛漣漪。王沂東有意營造極度純淨、清幽的大自然場景,使主題更為突出。畫面只見陽光在岩石上緩緩流動,見證時光之流轉。陽光輕清而明亮,照在岩石上,更突顯岩石的歲月痕跡。女孩溫婉嫻靜,靜止不動,仿似定格於攝影機前,但王沂東細膩的筆觸、油彩的豐潤感、甚至是右邊瀑布的流水不斷,還是賦予畫面一種生活氣息。在背景的上方,描繪有柔美而清冷的岩石,石勢向內彎曲,這就造成視覺上一種平衡,把觀賞者的視線從岩石表面、順著湖水的流淌,而過渡到畫面的中心。畫面底部的石頭是另一個視覺中心點。它的底部稍為陰暗,但隨著陽光的流轉,色彩和陰影有漸次明亮的轉變,一直延伸到岩石頂端為日光所照射的部份。物象、寫實的筆觸同時又有空間構圖的心思結合其中。另一構圖層次出現在白色的岩石與女孩的豔紅色衣服,兩種色彩在清幽的大自然中更為突出,兩者之間也形成強烈的對比,構成一個前景與後景、人物與自然的空間層次。女孩優雅的坐姿和身體曲線和岩石的輪廓互相呼應,她微微抬起頭來,交差的雙手從容的放在膝上,從雙手再延伸到閒適的雙腳,身體曲線帶動視覺的變化和流動,又和四周的光影輪廓相對應,說明王沂東在情境營造、空間規劃、寫景和寫意高度結合的完美成就。

王沂東調遣大自然來構成主題,不斷把集中力放在女孩身上,還有看似平坦和淺薄的領域背後,留有讓這幕現實延展的空間。王氏抓住現代中國的特質,混和現實主義與抽象的感性,突顯作品煽動精神上和結構上的張力。為了表達個人的、歷史的象徵性,他利用「中國紅」為主題色,強烈地表達了中國源遠悠久的歷史文化。察覺到「中國紅」深深地嵌入了中國人的靈魂,成為代表中華民族的顏色。他有意識地運用「中國紅」那意味著平安、吉祥、喜慶、福祿、康壽、尊貴、和諧、團圓、成功、忠誠、勇敢、興旺、浪漫、溫暖、性感、熱烈、濃郁等特徴,滲透到自己的美學和諧中。

新古典畫家重視對服裝和場景的描繪,這有利王沂東精心編排每個圖像。感性的青春少女成為他最理想的手段,用來詮釋人類美德的脆弱性。穿著富有深意的紅色衣服,我們的敏感度提高,隨即連結到社會和政治歷史上;但是紅色上衣以花朵點綴,還有她的頭髮整齊地編好,飾以藍色和紅色的橡皮圈,卻重整了我們最初的觀感,由此我們了解到女孩只為單純表現女性的嫵媚。情緒獲得高度的提煉,王畫作的美學自主從我們賦予女孩的形象開始,保護她的青春及天真,免受扭曲的過去或她的山谷以外的忙碌現代化所影響。無論如何,這些手段都是王沂東精心經營,用以觸動觀眾的主觀熟悉感。

王沂東的畫作也許是真實的重現,但當我們繼續看,便會發現這個現實是不自然的,是他有意識營造成的創作性組合,一種抽象派的感官和一段視覺式的敘事。《靜靜的河谷》的自然雖然花草疏囉,但王沂東又刻意補足,把黃色都舍香、白色棉花、樹叶等自然圖案畫在女孩的衣飾和手柏上內;這些視覺謎題肯定了他的畫作是一個古典寫實的現代化詮釋,顯現他對當代人類狀況的關注。



來源
Christie's Hong Kong, 25 April 1999, Lot 322
Acquired from the above by the present owner
出版
Galeria de Exposicoes Temporarias do Leal Senado, Nostalgia- Pintura a Oleo de Wang Yidong e Ai Xuan, exh. cat., Macao, China, 1997 (illustrated, plate 7, unpaged).
Schoeni Art Gallery, Wang Yidong, Hong Kong, China, 1999 (illustrated, p. 131, 181; details illustrated, p. 133).
展覽
Macao, China, Galeria de Exposicoes Temporarias do Leal Senado, Nostalgia Pintura a Oleo de Wang Yidong e Ai Xuan, 7-30 November 1997.
Hong Kong, China, Schoeni Gallery, Wang Yidong Solo Exhibition, March 1999

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拍品專文

The development of modern art in China cannot be understood apart from the vagaries of its political environment during recent historical eras. During the 1920s, Western classical realism and aesthetics were introduced into China, but the course of art history underwent a major shift in 1942 when art was identified as a primary tool for the propagation of political views. Mainstream art focused strongly on ideological themes, and realism became the dominant style for depicting everyday life. By 1978, China entered another new period of opening and reform, allowing artists the freedom to explore much broader horizons. New diversity in art forms was introduced and China's art schools gradually became centers for experimentation in modern art. Wang Yidong was one artist who engaged in exhaustive study and experimentation that led him in a new direction, developing a highly individual style somewhere between tradition and the new wave, embodying both Eastern and Western aesthetics but preserving his own purely humanistic aesthetic intentions.

Wang's aesthetic vision resulted in a fusion of his photo-realistic technique and his own rationalized adoption of Neoclassicism. A Quiet Valley (Lot 1001) maintains Wang's essential idealism with an archeologically realistic environment and classical themes, but draws them into a modern and decidedly Chinese context, suggesting parallels between the two periods of political idealism, struggle for liberty, heroism, austerity and the values of simplicity and human virtue. Wang's attraction to the beauty inherent to simple, quotidian scenes, particularly in portraiture, is manifest in Nude (Lot 1353) and Wish (Lot 1429) where he depicts an understated beauty with a minimal palette or in succinct pencil markings. His 1980s work clearly exhibits the origin of his artistic dexterity as he illustrates the warm ambiance of the room, his oil used in atmospheric effects of soft yellow tones and gently blurred contours. In his latter works, the contours have become firmer and increasingly persuasive with a sharp focus on the protagonist's face; both Wish and A Quiet Valley posits supreme importance on the neutral facial expression as Wang's attempts to extract the psychological state of the two protagonists, a result that is enthralling in its understated demeanor.

Set at an anonymous lakeside, a female protagonist of tender age sits in a pose of reserved femininity. The nature is scarce of decorative foliage or ripples of water, merely smooth and translucent, expressing a silence that suggests the transcendent purity of nature. Though serenely motionless, bare in depiction and intentionally composed with snap-shot like frame, Wang inserts discreet touches of life to the environment with visually gentle yet lively waterfall on the right. In the upper background, the soft and cool rocks curve inwards, geometrically balanced to bring the focus to the centre with sheer streams of water trickling down the arched surface; the lower rock serves as a base in elevating the perception upwards with its subtle gradation of moistly toned shadows from below to the dry, illuminated top of the rock. While the vigorous contrast of the white rocks against the searing red attire of the girl may cast an obvious spatial and pictorial dichotomy between foreground and background, subject matter and environment, the sitter's elegant composure mirrors the contours of the rocks, running from the upper left, where the girl tilts her head passively to her right where her hands are, delicately interlocked hands and back to lower left and the gentle positioning of her feet.

The pose of the subject maneuvers the composition, bestowing immense attention to the girl and the seemingly flat and shallow space, allowing for growing realization of the staged reality of this scenery. Wang captures the essence of modern China by mixing an elusive realism with an abstract sensibility to create psychological and compositional tension. Established as Wang's personal, historical and iconographic motif, 'China red' is the principal colour of his composition, evoking aspects of China's age-old history and culture. Aware that the red colour has gradually instilled itself in the consciousness of the Chinese people as the deeply-rooted symbol of their own nation and culture, he knowingly employs the colour with its multiple meanings: wellness, good fortune, happiness, luck, long life, honor, peace, unity, success, devotion, courage, prosperity, romance, warmth, sexuality, zeal and more, enriching the painting and its aesthetic harmony.

As neoclassical painters emphasized symbolic costumes and settings, Wang, too, favors painstakingly choreographed images. The fragile innocence of an adolescent girl becomes his ideal means in contemplating the vulnerability of human virtue. Clothed in elaborate red, our sensitivity is heightened with our immediate nostalgia for the sociological and political past; however, her red top is decorated in an exotic floral pattern, her tidily braided hair ornamented with blue and red elastics rectifying our initial emotions, as we realize that the girl is simply adorned in feminine fancy. Highly sentimental, Wang's painting favors aesthetic autonomy as we begin to nurture for the girl in the painting, protecting onto her youth and innocence aching pasts or even concerns over the hectic modernization that is taking place outside her valley. Regardless, such measures are deliberately interwoven by Wang to trigger a subjective intimacy from the viewer with his paintings.

Wang's paintings may appear to display an affinity for conventional realism, but he adds symbolic and emotional layers in his execution, quietly theatrical composition, and feeling for abstraction and narration. The nature in A Quiet Valley has been stripped bare of its living vegetation, but as if to satisfy our innate search for flora, Wang replaces them in patterns of yellow tulips, cotton white lilies, and leaves on the clothes and handkerchief of the girl; such visual conundrum affirms his work as a modernized interpretation of classical realism, indicative of his awareness for the contemporary human condition.

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