MAO XUHUI
毛旭輝

日常史詩.週末

細節
毛旭輝
日常史詩.週末
油彩 畫布
1994 年作
簽名:大毛

來源
現藏者於1995直接購自藝術家本人

出版
2005年《毛旭輝》漢雅軒 / 程昕東出版社 北京 中國 (圖版,第187頁)
2008年《道路:毛旭輝的繪畫曆程》上海人民美術出版社 上海 中國 (圖版,第238頁)
2010年《毛旭輝》文化藝術出版社 北京 中國 (圖版,第337頁)


自1989年的「家長系列」,毛旭輝將創作焦點由個人轉向了中國傳統的社會意識,「家長」並非意指特定或具體的對象,而是觸及到中國更為古老原始的一面,針對千年以來封建社會中「家長」的特殊地位與權威進行思考。在此之後,藝術家以「權力」為核心概念,短短十年間從「家長系列」跨越到「剪刀系列」,1994年至1996年的「日常史詩系列」承上啟下,實為毛旭輝創作生涯的關鍵轉折,由此次夜拍作品《日常史詩-週末》(Lot 1044),我們也得以一窺藝術家當時的思考脈絡與風格轉變的過程。
毛旭輝說,「史詩」的提法是對日常生活的一種描述、一種讚美、一種關注和評價,《日常史詩-週末》以房間一景揭示了這個時期他對於私人生活的強調與重視,私人空間的描述與過去「家長系列」的公共權力產生了鮮明對照,靜置於房間內的靠背椅,不再是過去高居廟堂之上的權力表徵,毛旭輝將焦點拉回個人生活,零落而散置的物件彷彿暗示了觀眾意外的闖入,週末的生活片段也重申了藝術家作為私人身分的個體存在意義。《日常史詩-週末》以不同方向的斜線鋪陳出畫面背景,強烈灰白相間的筆觸造成了一種富於張力的緊迫空間感,具體反映出當時他有感於城市正在不斷擴張,水泥樓房興建所帶來的混亂和嘈雜。牆上掛了方型外框的兩人肖像,簡化的菱形頭部與上半身曾在他1980年代末期一系列的家庭肖像作品中出現,那時毛旭輝與妻子離婚,而在創作中寄托對女兒的思念與婚姻的思考,此處的肖像置於看似一人獨居的房間,透露了藝術家對於親情的渴望。社會學家塞杜 (Michel de Certeau) 指出,人們會通過物質表達與居住地方的連結,以及對於空間的心理和象徵性需要,畫面中乍看平凡的物件組合事實上是毛旭輝的生活經驗積累,不僅包含他的情感與回憶,同時也是其創作生涯的軌跡與紀錄,隱含了他對於外在生活環境的抵抗與內在情感的積極追求。
在毛旭輝對著這些日常物件反覆觀看與思考的過程中,又受到了德國藝術家波依斯 (Joseph Beuys) 的啟發,波依斯把自己的藝術創作和觀念稱為「社會雕塑」,企圖改變以往藝術無力直接參與改革社會的事實,希望將整個社會組織、政治以至生活本身視為雕塑創造的媒介,毛旭輝以《日常史詩-週末》中的椅子、煙、茶杯、酒瓶將這個概念實體化,這些物質作為可碰觸的實體,可以被交換、分配和累積,權力不再是社會組織中的單純結構關係,而是因環境或場域的條件發生變化、你我生活中渺小卻又深刻的一部分。如傅柯 (Michel Foucault) 所說的:「權力的無所不在,不是因為它在特權下鞏固了一切因而無法征服,而是因為它在每個時點、每個空間都作用著;權力無所不在,不是因為權力包含了所有的東西,而是因為世上所有的東西都是從權力而來」。表面上看來毛旭輝似乎是這個房間的主宰,這些無生命的物件在他的安排下出現於畫面,但事實上當這些物件與生活息息相關,扮演著日常不可或缺的角色時,它們本身即擁有了無上的權力,在人類自身的本能和慾望驅使下,我們實質上已被這些無生命的物體所掌控。毛旭輝藉《日常史詩-週末》中平凡的日常物件與人們之間的相互依存,進一步地闡述了權力的多重關係。
由「家長系列」對於中國傳統封建社會與外在權力的抵抗出發,毛旭輝從歷史經驗回到當代生活、從公眾領域進入私人空間,「日常史詩系列」象徵了他對於現實與當下自我的體認。毛旭輝起初以「家長系列」與權威對立,而後在《日常史詩-週末》中將自身投入,詮釋複雜交錯的多重權力關係,最終以「剪刀系列」象徵自己、成為權力的化身。隨著藝術家對於權力本質的深入探索,一步步地在創作中揭露其心理上的角色轉換,從他人、他物而回到自身,《日常史詩-週末》也見證了毛旭輝創作中權力轉移的過程。
來源
Acquired directly from the artist by the present owner in 1995
出版
Hanart TZ Gallery Xin Dong Cheng Publishing House, Mao Xuhui, Beijing, China, 2005 (illustrated, p. 187).
Shanghai People's Fine Arts Publishing House, Road: Mao Xuhui's Drawing Course, Shanghai, China, 2008 (illustrated, p. 238).
Culture and Art Publishing House, Mao Xuhui, Beijing, China, 2010 (illustrated, p. 337).

拍品專文

Since the introduction of his Parents series in 1989, Mao Xuhui has shifted the focus of his art from individualism to social consciousness of traditional Chinese society. The concept of "Parents" by no means represents its specific, concrete namesake but touches upon a facet of primitive Chinese culture, thoughtfully delving into the special position and authority of parents in the feudal Chinese society throughout the past millenniums. Since then, the artist has taken on "power" as his core concept. Within a decade, Mao has made his way from the Parents Series to the Scissors Series. The "Daily Epic" Series created in the period from 1994 to 1996 serves a linkage between the preceding and the entailing; it could be more accurately described as a crucial point in Mao's artistic path. Daily Epic, Weekend (Lot 1044) is a masterpiece showcased in this Evening Sale which allows us to catch a glimpse of the artist's thread of thoughts and stylistic change at that time.
Mao suggests that the notion of "epic" is actually a kind of description, compliment, concern and commentary on daily life. In Daily Epic, Weekend, Mao portrays a view in a room which reveals his attention to private life, in stark contrast with the emphasis on power in his previous "Parents" Series. The armchair sitting quietly in the common room differs sharply from the seat of power in the family shrine. Drawing the focus back to individual life, the imagery of scattered objects implies an accidental intrusion by the audience. The fragments of life in weekends reiterate the artist's sense of existence as a private identity. The oblique lines pointing in different directions lay out the background of the painting, the alternate use of gray and white and powerful brushstrokes create the sense of claustrophobic tension in an enclosed space, crystallizing the artist's reflection on the noise and turbulence as a result of the relentless construction of cement buildings in an ever-developing city. On the wall hangs a portrait of a couple in a square frame. The diamond shape of heads and trunks in simplification is a recurring symbol which has appeared in a series of his family portraits created in the late eighties, when Mao attempted to project the affection for his daughter whom he missed dearly and his deep thoughts on marriage after his divorce into his paintings. The portrait of a couple in the room of an apparently solitary man discloses the artist's yearning for family love. According to sociologist Michel de Certeau, people would express their connection with their living environment, and their psychological and symbolic needs of space through materials. The seemingly commonplace objects in the painting are in fact, the visual history of Mao's life experience, not only encompassing his emotions and memories, but also the track record of his artist's path, and an implication of his resistance to the external world and his ardent quest for internal emotions.
While Mao repeatedly observed and mused on commonplace objects, he was at the same time inspired by the German artist Joseph Beuys, who named his creation and concept as "the social sculpture", in attempt to change a historic fact - that art had so far, failed to directly involve in social revolutions, by viewing the whole entity of society, politics and life itself as the media of sculpture making. Mao has experimented on this concept through the depiction of the chair, cigarette, tea cup and wine bottle in Daily Epic, Weekend.. These materials are tangible objects which can be exchanged, distributed and accumulated, suggesting the breakdown of power from the hierarchy of the society into small but profound parts in everyday life. As Foucault has put it, "The omnipresence of power: not because it has the privilege of consolidating everything under its invincible unity, but because it is produced from one moment to the next, at every point, or rather in every relation from one point to another. Power is everywhere; not because it embraces everything but because it comes from everywhere." On the surface, Mao seems to be the creator of the room in Daily Epic, Weekend in which his still-life is deliberately arranged to appear in the scene. And yet, these lifeless objects themselves play an indispensable role in our daily life, and therefore possess the ultimate power which controls human beings driven by primitive instincts and desires. Mao has further elaborated his view on the multiple relationships of "power" through the depiction of interdependence between human beings and commonplace objects in his daily epic.
Mao has embarked his journey from history to contemporary life, and from public realms to private space, marked by his transition from the Parents Series, in which he declares his resistance to external power and feudalism in traditional Chinese society, to the Daily Epic series, which symbolizes his self-realization of the reality and the present. His struggle against the authority shown in the Parents Series, and his personal involvement in the later Daily Epic Series to illustrate the complication of power in multiple relationships, are eventually wrapped up by his own manifestation of power in his Scissor Series. The artist has done a thorough investigation into the nature of power, gradually exposing the shift of his psychological states from the others, the objects and back to the self. Daily Epic, Weekend is therefore, a testimony to the shift of power in his creating process.

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