細節
李松松
交托上帝
壓克力 水彩 木板
2006年作
展覽:
2008年10月9日-2009年1月18日「革命在繼續」Saatchi Gallery 倫敦 英國
出版:
2008年《革命在繼續》Saatchi Gallery 倫敦 英國 (圖版,第124-125頁)

影像的再現

李松松出生於1973年,這位北京畫家過去幾年來迅速崛起,是中國新生代藝術家中的佼佼者。後毛澤東時代的主流畫家,大多生在1950年末、1960年初的高度共產時代,他們成年於文化大革命時期,在改革、開放、現代化的動盪時期中成熟。哈特利(L.P. Hartley)曾寫過這段名言:「往日是個異國」;對李松松這一代的畫家來說,共產歷史、文革都是眾所周知的事實,這些過去是研究的題材,對他們來說歷史久遠,未曾形塑他們的價值觀。相反的,他們所成長的中國瞬息萬變,是個大眾媒體氾濫、消費主義當道的社會。共產主義的歷史不過是個符號、圖騰,並非他們的經驗。

也因此李松松的繪畫手法,很多方面看來都和傳統油畫不同,而是受到「再製」和「再現」等概念,以及新媒體時代的理論所影響。老一代的畫家最大的突破,就是把主觀的視覺呈現出來;相反的,李松松試圖壓抑畫家的主觀立場,用徹底解構的角度,探討影像製作、歷史、再現。

李松松通常用現有的影像作為創作題材。他聲稱沒有預設的興趣,不過他的作品包含了周恩來死後,哀悼人潮洶湧的天安門廣場,以及戰爭的慘況,再再呈現出他對政治、歷史的喜好。他對歷史、政治沒有受到特定意識型態影響,卻對可以喚醒集體記憶的影像特別感興趣,藉以傳達歷史和意識形態的再現。

2006年的作品《交托上帝》(Lot 1030)中,李松松選了一張網路上廣為流傳的相片為題,內容是一群精壯的美國海軍,赤裸著上半身,穿著短褲,戴著墨鏡,悠閒站在軍艦上的國旗前。李松松採用一貫的技巧,把相片切割成33個區塊,其中
三排各六塊,三排各五塊,相互交錯。接著他再一塊一塊各別上色,每一格都抽離了原圖的情境,並採用完全不同的色調。最後他將33塊圖片重組成一幅圖,並強調攝影師的殘影。

每一格圖片都是一幅實驗性的抽象畫,原本的圖片強調動作、光影、色彩、模特兒;被裁剪成很多塊後,各別都無法辨識,也因此李松松可以單純的專注於繪畫技巧。某種程度上來說,作品極度細膩華麗,就好比雕刻品。

作品高度超過四公尺,寬超過六公尺,觀者一眼望去,自然可以看出全貌,不過心裡也明確知道這是一幅組合而成的圖畫,其中每一格都彷彿是原圖爆破之後展露的畫素。不同的色塊有的黑白,有的接近自然原色,有的則偏向紅色或藍色等色調,就好像再製的相片,但是色度設定錯了。作品的規模宏偉,好比是一幅歷史畫,整體內容強化主流的歷史、國族論述,讓這些主流價值顯得自然。不過李松松強調的是手法、技巧,而不是影像的主題,對觀者而言,內容認知與欣賞影像建構之間,形成了強烈的對比與張力。

班雅明(Walter Benjamin)對於機械再製的論述最為人樂道,他認為大眾媒體發達的時代裡,藝術都被用來服務政治的意識形態。李松松的藝術創作讓這個理論更加複雜化。原圖出自大眾媒體,也沒什麼名氣,不過再製的過程中卻隱含了深層的意義,就是傳遞美軍英勇無懼的觀念。不過他將作品切割成零碎片段的手法,讓這層意涵不見了;他徹底的切割主題,這樣的技巧讓軍人美感不再。李松松的作品一反班雅明的理論,為了反意識形態而生。這張直接的照片同時是國族的象徵,也彷彿被閹割,成為被批判的客體,最後也不過是歷史的產物。

出版
Saatchi Gallery, The Revolution Continues, exh. cat., London, UK, 2008 (illustrated, pp. 124-125).
展覽
London, UK, Saatchi Gallery, The Revolution Continues: New Chinese Art, 9 October, 2008-18 January, 2009.

榮譽呈獻

Eric Chang
Eric Chang

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Deconstructive Reproduction

Born in 1973, Beijing-based painter Li Songsong has emerged in the last several years as one of the leading artists and innovative painters of China's younger generation of artists.
The core artists of China's post-Mao avant-garde were primarily born and raised in the late 1950s and early 1960s under high communism, came of age during the Cultural Revolution, maturing as artists in the throes of the early years of reform, liberalization and modernization. But as L. P. Hartley famously wrote, "The past is a foreign country", and for artists of Li Songsong's generation, although the history of communism and the Cultural Revolution were known entities, they were objects of study, conceptually remote and not nearly as formative. The China they were raised in was instead one of a rapidly changing and increasingly mass media-saturated, consumerist society. The history of communism was one of symbols and representations, but not the stuff of experience.

Similarly, Li Songsong's approach to painting in many ways is less derived from traditional oil painting but instead from conceptual and new media theories of reproduction and representation. Where the previous generation of painters' great breakthrough was in prioritizing their own subjective views above other exigencies, Li Songsong attempts to suppress the subjective role of the painter and instead takes a fully deconstructive approach to image-making, history, and representation.

Li works from found images. Though he claims not to have any premeditated interests, his choices - ranging from Tian'anmen Square filled with mourners after Zhou Enlai's death to images of war atrocities - make it clear that he has a predilection for the historical and political. This interest though does not stem from a particular ideological position, but rather from an interest in images of collective memory, in the representation of history and ideology itself.

With In God We Trust (Lot 1030) from 2006, Li has selected a popular "beefcake" image of U.S. navy soldiers, widely circulated on the internet, hulking shirtless men in shorts and sunglasses posing casually before the American flag and their warship. Consistent with his usual technique, Li has taken this photograph and literally cut it into a staggered grid of 33 squares, three rows of six panels alternating with three rows of five. He then paints each panel based on each individual, decontextualized tile of the source image, altering his palette and color scheme throughout. Finally, all 33 pieces are re-assembled and the image brought back into being, replete with the shadow of the photographer in the foreground. Each panel then is an experiment in pure abstraction. The source image, cut into parts and unrecognizable by itself, allows Li to focus on simply painting, focusing on gesture, light, color, and modeling. In some cases, the paint is applied with such luxury that it becomes almost sculptural.

Now more than four meters tall and six meters wide, the viewer gives the image cohesion in his or her mind, but is acutely aware of the constructed image, almost mimicking an image blown up to reveal its pixels. The alternating color-scheme is in some places nearly black and white, in others naturalistic, and in others veering towards red or blue scales. As such, they resemble photographs that have been incorrectly reproduced with their color calibrations incorrectly set. The scale of the image elevates it to the status of history painting, images that naturalize and reinforce dominant narratives of history and nation. But by highlighting technique over subject, Li creates a tension between a recognition of the content and an appreciation for the construction of the image as a work of art.

Walter Benjamin's famous theory of mechanical reproduction proposed that art in an era of mass media could only be produced in the service of political ideology. Li Songsong's art practice significantly complicates this theory. His informal, mass media source image is reproduced on a grand scale - a vision that casually embodies American military power and prowess - but his fragmented technique denies the image the force, his complete de-linking of subject and technique denies the sailors any aesthetic agency. Indeed, contra Benjamin, Li's work is precisely anti-ideological; a candid photo is at once elevated to the status a national symbol and emasculated, becoming an object of critical observation, and finally rendered an artifact of history.

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